Features
NAFDAC And Counterfeit Drugs Administration
Vigilance as a virtue or
progressive act is applicable in every facet of human involvement .As a progressive tool,its implementation is widely and maximally crave for globally.Broadly examined,vigilance is equally embracive of practices like carefulness,being observant, mental alertness,consciousness to mention but a few.It is in recognition of the effectiveness of this psychological tool that the management of the National Agency For Food,Drug Administration and Control [NAFDAC] decided to embrace and wholly adopt it as a tool to combat counterfeiting and faking of Pharmaceuticals.
Drugs,be it orthodox or indigenous,are products of wisdom,research and intensive scientific engagements which was necessitated by the urge and outright determination to save precious lives which before now were lost to several ailments which could not be cured or prevented owing to lack of the requisite healing or curative substances and know-how. Although the existence of herbs,medicinal plants and other such materials is as old as the theological art of creation,the western scientific well-withal to explore,source,identify and modernise them for maximum public acceptance and utilization were yet to be acquired.
However,it was in view of the speedy loss of lives to varieties of diseases and sicknesses over the years,that prompted western Medical Scientists and Health Experts to selflessly,embark on human health salvaging expeditions. Expectedly,these dogged scientific efforts of our fearless heroes and heroines eventually yielded bountiful good health preserving,boosting and sustaining dividends which has today brought competence and confidence into healthcare services provision worldwide.Today, curative and preventive health care services are rendered and made readily available by stakeholders in the sector owing to the availability of professionally and competently refined pharmaceuticals suitable for this purpose. An intensively scientific undertaken drug production involves research, identifying and sourcing ideal medicinal materials, experimentation to determine materials suitability,etc.
Notably, in the advanced nations where majority of our domestic pharmaceutical needs are sourced, they produce to suit their climatic, atmospheric and weather conditions,diverse ethnic and racial differences , diversity in nutritional profiles etc prompting the decision to entrench a feedback mechanism in Nigeria drug distribution,circulation and administration chain which is welcomed and above all,highly applaudable and dynamic . Aside great efforts severally made by government to guarantee unhindered availability and access to essential,safe and effective medicines, the Nigeria democratic leadership has courageously concretized an enduring pharmaceutical framework to unify and harmonise interactions, inputs and operations of stakeholders in the nation’s health sector so as to bring about a more effective, efficient and efficacious use of medicines nationwide. Expectedly,the National Agency For Food, Drug Administration and Control [NAFDAC], a regulator in the sector,is saddled with the responsibility of driving and successfully actualising the historic concept which entails promoting the act of vigilance in pharmaceutical products consumption and administration which is scientifically tagged; Pharmacovigilance.
In expressing its determination to live up to expectation in this regard,the incumbent Dr Paul .B Orhii NAFDAC leadership , evolved a dynamic and professionally seasoned arm to contend with the anticipated challenges.Accorded the appellation- Pharmacovigilance unit/directorate, it is specifically saddled with the identification of non -efficacious outcome of drug application in the treatment of ailments,abuse of medicines as well as other negative consequencies.By this is meant that should a drug be administered on a patient for the eradication or treatment of a particular ailment,the agency in this regard is out rightly interested in medication errors, its inability to cure as well as other negative developments that may have arisen from the usage of that product as such information will help to rectify identified product lapses,combat counterfeiting and faking,standardize healthcare delivery services etc.
However,since NAFDAC performs basically a regulatory function while others are responsible for manufacturing,distribution and usage of Pharmaceutical products, it certainly requires the collaboration and support of players and stakeholders in the sector to achieve the desired success in this aspect of enhancing efficient,effective and quality healthcare provision. Consequently, Pharmacists, Doctors, Dentists, Medical Laboratory Scientists, Nurses, Herbal Medicine Practitioners, Patients, Importers, Distributors, Retailers, Pharmaceutical Products Marketing Authorization Holders etc, have been maximally saddled with the responsibility of ensuring the success of Pharmacovigilance activities in Nigeria by perceiving the act as above all, a professional and ethical engagement.
Interestingly, advocacy visits are regularly made by the Dr Paul B Orhii led NAFDAC management to relevant stakeholders in the sector to garner the needed support for the success of this healthcare boosting policy .In most developed nations where large chunk of Pharmaceutical products are manufactured and turned into the global markets for global consumption and patronage,series of factors are critically considered. Specifically therefore, caution, care, observation and vigilance are essential virtues needed for the sustenance of a desirable cum internationally considerable and acceptable healthcare sector. Globally, the act of vigilance in pharmaceuticals administration and application is a necessity for efficient healthcare delivery service thereby inferring that a feedback mechanism must be successfully entrenched in the sector to absolutely access product performance to determine effective curative and preventive capability .
However, it would not amount to an overstatement to assert that Pharmaceutical substances generally regarded as drugs are indeed an integral and outrigthly non negligible aspect of ideal healthcare sustaining practices both in the domestic and global community. This apparently accounts for why it is being maximally accorded a seeming water tight security in an attempt to avert its contermination through counterfeiting, faking and illicit smuggling. Aside adoption of series of modernized technological and numerous dynamic fortificating measures for ideal drug security,there is the need to ensure that its efficacy is adequately ascertained and sustained.Interestingly however,the onus of ensuring that pharmaceutical commodities are efficient,effective and efficacious in healing is not merely the responsibility of producers and the regulatory authorities.The products dispensers and users equally have a very integral part to play in the sanitization of healthcare practice. Obviously, Doctors, Pharmacists, Nurses,etc and patients are indeed important players in an effective and efficient drug distribution and administration chain.As products administrators and consumers respectively, they are better placed to provide information on product efficacy or otherwise .
Incontestably,the nation’s dynamic regulator in this regard-NAFDAC, is outrightly conscious of the enormous benefits accruable from successfully harnessing this end users potentials for the purpose of attaining sanity in healthcare provision.This entails collation of imputs, comments or information from both users and administrators of pharmaceutical products through the provision of reports [i.e negative ] about reaction of drugs used by patients for the treatment of ailments.It is also termed ‘adverse report’ to the agency-NAFDAC through specified channels. It is in an attempt to entrench the culture of vigilance in pharmaceuticals composition ,application and administration that the National Agency For Food,Drug Administration and Control {NAFDAC] accommodates a strategic and operationally unique department referred to as the Pharmacovigilance directorate whose responsibility is to receive, collate and channel to the respective authorities information effect of medicinal products administered on ailing persons.
This is intended to guarantee the presence of and access to safe cum essential pharmaceutical products nationwide. Interestingly,the diversity in racial,ethnic and environmental status of foreign countries where majority of our drug imports are sourced,influences consumers reaction to medicines. Entailing detection, understanding, assessment as well as prevention of negative implication of pharmaceautical substances ,pharmacovigilance is absolutely beneficial to the provision of effective and efficient healthcare services.This scientific feedback mechanism requires stakeholders in the nation’s pharmaceautical sector to mandatorily furnish NAFDAC with information on the performance of medicines administered on persons for curative or preventive purposes. Those on whose shoulders this responsibility falls include doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, medical laboratory scientists,traditional herbal medicine practitioners, Patients, Hospitals, clinics,medical centers, research institutes, traditional/herbal medicinal institutions, importers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, marketing authorization holders of pharmaceutical products, traditional/herbal medicinal products etc.
In turn,the agency’s pharmacovigilance directorate is saddled with the coordination of pharmacovigilance activities nationwide,establishment and maintainance of a functional national database on adverse drug reactions and other medicine related problems,receive,document ,follow-up,analyse and evaluate individual case safety reports [ie ICSRs] for completeness, technical correctness and validity.It is also to acknowledge ICSRs, feedback information,and dissemination to health professionals and the public as appropriate through the use of articles in journals, adverse drug reaction bulletins and or newsletters. It is also to conduct causality assessment of ICSRs in the national database and forward same to the World Health Organisation global drug safety database, periodically send out alert on medicine safety concerns as well as coordinate training and capacity building for Pharmacovigilance among others.Accordingly,the agency is discharging its responsibilities in this regard.
Interestingly,series of vigorous efforts have been made by NAFDAC under its incumbent leadership to accord this unique pharmaceutical policy a household status. Among such is the incessant convocation of national stakeholders foras on Pharmacovigilance in a bid to evolve sustainable platforms for stakeholders engagement.There is also the intensive sensitization of the general public and the healthcare providers to make them aware of their roles in the provision of adverse drug reaction information. Notably, the agency requires the support of all to excel in this noble , patriotic and dynamic effort since a tree they say,cannot make a forest.
Ikhilae, is a Lagos based Public Affairs Analyst
Martins Ikhilae
From the fore going, the fight against drug trafficking should be treated as an international challenge with open collaboration, if the world leadership must win the fight!.
The circumstances or should I say the improvement on drug related activities are modifying and updating on daily basis. A close friend of mine in the United States of America who recently visited Jamaica, came with a lot of complicated information about drug trafficking and transaction. Being a qualified Nurse in US and on a visit to the Reggae Country (Jamaica), she said she was put aback when a man approached her and introduced himself as a Pharmacist. According to her, she immediately picked interest due to her professional background. To her, a business partner is birthed. But she was shocked to the narrows on learning that drug dealers or traffickers and subriquited Pharmacist in that Country. From her account, they ( The Jamaican Pharmacists), are the first set to people to meet and greet you at the Airport. No government or authority challenges them in the open due to the sophisticated nature of their transportation
Come to think of it, who would want to attack a Pharmacist on duty? Nigerians are not left out in the improvement on drug deal. A chat with a confident in the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency ( NDLEA) Rivers State Command, so revealed. The Officer draw my attention to the movement of Dispatch Riders. He said part of the reasons they ride with almost speed equivalent of the thunder lightning, is to meet up with the appointment of delivering hard drug consignment to a client of theirs. According to him, those guys popularly referred to as Yahoo Boys are the ones who now payroll dispatch riders so that they can deliver their consignment ( hard drugs) on schedule no matter the sort of traffic or weather condition. The fear of loosing rich clients and that of the unknown treatment that may come of the Boys, as the officer puts it, drives the Riders crazy thus the reason to speed even at the expense of their lives.
The account of a prominent Party Promoter, Wayne Anthony, as obtained online recently, also pointed out that ‘No Legislation Will Stop Clubbers From Doing Drugs’ Party promoter, Wayne Anthony, arrived in Ibiza, a Spanish Island in 1988, at the same time as dance music and the party drug ecstasy. Despite hallucinating badly enough to make him give up the lifestyle forever, he says laws will never stop clubbers taking drugs. “I don’t think you can control these things,” said former party promoter Wayne Anthony. He arrived in Ibiza in 1988 and began setting up club nights and raves in some of the island’s most iconic venues. In the years that followed, the sleepy Spanish island turned into a raver’s haven of clubbing and hedonism, with party drugs like ecstasy commonly found. “What Ibiza represented was this beautiful, hot island which was visually stunning and we knew you could party there quite legally,” said Wayne. “You didn’t have to look over your shoulder. You could just be as free as you possibly could be.”
That freedom came with a price. Along with the lavish clubs, all-day-benders and hot Spanish sun came drug cartels and crime. The city transformed into one the world’s most vibrant party capitals, “fuelled by a dangerous and lucrative drugs trade which drew as many criminals to its shores as it did party animals”. Wayne, one of the contributors to the documentary, spoke to Sky News ahead of its release.”I’m not going to sit here and say the cartels aren’t there. They are all there and they’ve been there from the ’90s,” said Wayne. But he said most people tried to ignore the organised crime going on around them. According to Wayne, clubbers usually took the approach of: “‘Give me 10 E’s . Behind the scenes of the filming of Ibiza Narcos with Wayne Anthony. Behind the scenes of the filming of Ibiza Narcos with Wayne Anthony. Hallucinating giant spiders Although he described the Balearic island as the “motherland”, it was eventually a bad experience with drugs that convinced Wayne it was time to leave Ibiza.
He’d been partying for days when he realised he’d taken too many drugs. A friend told him to drink cough medicine, dangerous advice that he now says could have killed him. “I saw the worst hallucination I’ve ever seen in all of my life. I ended up locking myself in the villa with all the shutters down. When he sobered up, he realised he had “come to the end” of his party life on the island. “I never looked back. I never took another drug. I got away from the club world.” ‘I don’t think you’re going to be able to stop it’ Despite his life-changing experience, he doesn’t think criminalising drugs is a good idea – or particularly effective. “If you’re old enough to vote for who’s going to be a world leader, if you’re old enough to put your name down on debt for 25 years, I feel like you should be old enough to govern what you put inside your own body, you know?” said Wayne.
Back to Nigeria, some illicit drugs worth over N30billion seized at Onne Port in Rivers State.
This blood chilling development forced the Federal Government to declare a state of emergency at the Onne Port, following what authorities described as repeated incidents of importation of dangerous cargo, including arms and ammunition through the said port. To this effect, the government said it was immediately implementing emergency protocols at Onne Port for the next three months by conducting thorough examinations of all suspected containers in the premises.
The Comptroller-General of Customs, Bashir Adeniyi, in charge of the port via a press conference, said it henceforth, unveiled the seizures of illicit goods by the Nigeria Customs Service, Area 2 Command, Onne in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State. In defence for his action, Adeniyi said the recurring incidents posed a threat to national security, adding that the health of citizens at the Onne Port is increasingly being used as a destination for dangerous and illicit cargo, describing it as a disturbing trend.
The customs boss stated, “Earlier today, I joined numerous stakeholders to take a significant step towards the cause of trade facilitation through the inauguration of upgraded facilities provided by the West Africa Container Terminal, Onne. “As I express delight that trade facilitation is getting traction in Onne Port, I cannot help but call your attention to a grave concern. This has to do with the repeated incidents of national security breaches unfolding in Onne Port. I appreciate your presence, as we all have a shared responsibility in safeguarding our national security. As we are all aware, the policy thrust of Mr President supports the re-energising of our business environment to drive faster import clearance and grow our capacity for exports, Our emphasis has been to promote initiatives that speak to Trade facilitation and economic development. “It is a matter of regret that criminal elements in the international supply chain are exploiting our pro-trade stance to commit atrocities bordering on national security breaches”.
“The attempts to test our will through the importation of dangerous cargo through this port has necessitated the declaration of a state of emergency in Onne Port, coming on the heels of a seizure of a huge cache of arms a couple of months ago. It is disheartening that perpetrators have not backed down on their illegal acts. Recent intelligence and seizures have revealed a disturbing trend; Onne Port is increasingly being used as a destination for dangerous and illicit cargo. The scale and nature of these illegal importations pose a significant threat to our national security and the health of our citizens. Today, we are here to showcase yet another series of significant seizures made by the diligent officers of the Area 2 Command. On display are twelve containers of illicit goods intercepted through a combination of intelligence gathering, inter-agency collaboration, and meticulous physical examination. Seizures on Display include: Three (3) x 40-feet containers: Containing 562,600 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine and 3,150 pieces of chilly cutters, with a Paid Duty Value (DPV) of N4,716,573,846.
“Others are, three x 40-feet containers containing 380,000 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine, 24,480,000 tablets of Royal Tramadol Hydrochloride, 5,350,000 tablets of Tapentadol and Carisoprodol, and other items, with a DPV of N17,432,506,000 were seized”.
According to the report, more seized items were, “Five (5) x 40-feet containers; Containing 892,400 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine, 1,300,000 tablets of 50mg Really Extra Diclofenac, 7,250,000 tablets of 5mg Trodol Benzhexol, and other items, with a DPV of N8, 128,568,295,90. This very action of the Nigeria Customs Service, further complicated the hope of how soon the fight against drug trafficking could be brought to a halt owing to its high profile nature.
Another hair-raising report of the illicit drug deal has it that when NDLEA bursted a Snake-Guarded Shrine Used For Storing Illicit Drugs sometime ago in Edo State. This very news report was published in The Tide Newspaper on June 24, 2024. According to the report, NDLEA said its operatives uncovered a shrine, guarded by a snake, being used for storing illicit drugs, during an operation in Edo State. The Agency in a statement by its spokesperson, Femi Babafemi, added that its operatives discovered a specially constructed large hole in a wall, hidden behind wallpapers and fetish objects used for drug storage. It further noted that methamphetamine, Loud, Colorado and Arizona, all strong strains of cannabis with a total weight of 8.743kg among others, were recovered from the shrine.
To be cont’d
King Onunwor
The persistent clash between farmers and herders in Nigeria has been a longstanding issue. These conflicts, often, over resources like land and water, have led to loss of lives, destruction of property, displacement of large numbers of people, deep-seated mistrust between communities and insecurity. Herders, traditionally nomadic, move their livestock in search of grazing land and water. Farmers, on the other hand, require the same resources for their crops. This competition often leads to clashes, especially in areas where land is becoming increasingly scarce due to population growth, climate change, and environmental degradation. As these clashes intensify, there has been a growing call for sustainable solutions. Two weeks ago, President Bola Tinubu took a bold step towards tackling the issue by inaugurating the Presidential Committee on Implementation of Livestock Reforms and creating the Ministry of Livestock Development.
The committee which has the president as the chairman and the former Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Professor Attahiru Jega as the deputy chairman has the mandate to address obstacles to agricultural productivity and open up new opportunities which benefit farmers, herders, processors, and distributors in the livestock-farming value chain as well as propose recommendations aimed at fostering a peaceful co-existence between herders and farmers, ensuring the security and economic well-being of Nigerians.The establishment of the Ministry of Livestock Development was part of the recommendations of the National Livestock Reforms Committee. Part of the 21 recommendations submitted to the president include: “This agenda should include the establishment and resuscitation of grazing reserves as suggested by many experts and well-meaning Nigerians and other methods of land utilisation.
“Create the Ministry of Livestock Resources in line with practice in many other West African countries. In the alternative, Federal and State Governments should expand the scope of existing Departments of Livestock Production to address the broader needs of the industry,” among others. Experts in the agricultural sector have posited that the livestock industry can create millions of jobs directly in farming, processing, and distribution, and indirectly in related sectors like feed production, veterinary services, and marketing. It provides livelihoods for rural populations, helping to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life in rural areas. It also increases the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign exchange earnings through the exports of livestock and livestock products such as meat, dairy, wool and leather.
According to them, a well-funded livestock industry supports the growth of agro-processing sectors, such as meat packing, dairy processing, and leather manufacturing, adds value to raw products and creates additional economic activity as well as stimulates the development of supply chains, including logistics, packaging, and retail, contributing to broader economic growth. It enhances economic resilience by diversifying the agricultural sector and providing a buffer against crop failures or other agricultural shocks and many more. Some other agriculturists have also opined that the livestock industry in Nigeria is currently underdeveloped and that by the creation of the ministry of livestock development will open up the industry which will be a huge money spinner for Nigeria.
Reports have shown that a Livestock Ministry can play a pivotal role in mitigating conflicts between farmers and herders by implementing policies and programmes aimed at fostering coexistence and sustainable resource management. The Ministry can work towards clearly demarcating grazing routes and farming areas. This would reduce instances of trespassing and accidental crop destruction, a common flashpoint for conflict. While introducing rotational grazing systems can ensure that land is used sustainably, preventing overgrazing and land degradation, establishing water points and boreholes specifically for livestock can reduce competition for water resources. Similarly, promoting the development of pasturelands through reseeding and controlled burns can improve grazing conditions.
According to a veterinary doctor, Dr Andrew Obadiah, by providing training for herders on sustainable livestock practices and for farmers on conflict resolution, both parties can understand the importance of coexistence. He said that extension services of the ministry can offer advice on improving livestock health and productivity, reducing the need for large herds and extensive grazing. “Setting up local committees involving both farmers and herders to mediate disputes can provide a platform for dialogue and peaceful resolution. Encouraging community-based conflict early warning systems can help prevent clashes before they escalate”, he emphasised.For Mrs. Stella Ugwu, a farmer, having a ministry dedicated to the development of the livestock industry can help in diversifying income sources for both farmers and herders and in turn reduce dependence on land.
”For instance, promoting agro-pastoralism can provide farmers with livestock and herders with agricultural produce”, she explained, adding that providing incentives for adopting sustainable practices, such as subsidies for fodder production or crop insurance, can ease economic pressures. Ugwu was however of the opinion that the creation of a new ministry to handle livestock affairs was uncalled for, since the job can effectively be done by the Technical and Service Department of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and food security and its equivalent on the states level.In some countries, the establishment of a Livestock Ministry or similar bodies has shown promising results. For example, Ethiopia’s Ministry of Agriculture includes a dedicated department for livestock which has successfully implemented programmes to improve pastoral livelihoods and reduce conflicts.
In Kenya, the establishment of the National Drought Management Authority has helped manage resources better, thus reducing clashes between herders and farmers during dry seasons.The president of Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (MACBAN), Othman Ngelzarma, sees the Ministry of Livestock Development achieving the same feat for Nigeria in the near future. He told newsmen that, “MACBAN expresses its deepest appreciation to the Federal Government for creating a ministry of livestock to unlock the trillion-naira livestock economy and create qualitative and productive jobs across the value chain to improve the Nigerian economy. With this development, MACBAN believes the hope of the Nigerian pastoralists is now achieved under the Renewed Hope Agenda.
However, the Middle Belt Forum took a different view of the proposed Ministry of Livestock Development, saying it was not enough to sustainably resolve the decades-long farmers-herders crisis in the country. According to the National President of the association, Mr. Bitrus Pogu, what is needed to end the perennial farmers/herders clashes is a deliberate action by regulatory bodies and the government to stop criminal elements from carrying out deadly attacks on innocent Nigerians, mainly farmers. Hear him: “If the reason for creating the Ministry is to stop clashes, I think it is wrong because all of these attacks and killings that are happening have nothing to do with conflicts between farmers and herders. “Farmers have never connived at any given time to go and attack herders, but rather, criminals who happen to be Fulani gang up and attack farmers, kill, maim and chase them out of their ancestral homes.
“Then, the Fulani will come and occupy them. So, it is more about invasion, criminality, and terrorism. And the majority of those they hire to do these evils are not even those who have cattle. So, a deliberate action has to be taken by the government against the perpetrators, which will address the criminality.” Mr. Pogu suggested that the government should adopt ranching for productivity and enduring peace between the pastoralists and farmers in particular and the entire country in general.While the establishment of a Livestock Ministry presents a viable solution, it is not without challenges. Funding constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and corruption can hamper its effectiveness. Additionally, deeply ingrained cultural practices and mistrust between farmers and herders can be difficult to overcome.
Critics argue that without a holistic approach that includes land reform, climate change adaptation, and broader economic development, a Livestock Ministry alone may not be sufficient. Therefore, it must work in tandem with other governmental and non-governmental bodies to ensure comprehensive solutions. “A dedicated Livestock Ministry, with its focus on sustainable resource management, conflict resolution, and economic incentives, offers a promising avenue to address the root causes of these clashes. However, its success depends on effective implementation, adequate funding, and the cooperation of all stakeholders involved. With the right strategies and commitment, devoid of any political or selfish interest, it can play a crucial role in fostering peace and prosperity in affected regions”, they advised.
Calista Ezeaku
