Business
Evolution Of Information Systems

L-R: Deputy Representative, UNICEF Nigeria, Mr Samuel Momanyi, Country Director, Actionaid, Mrs Ojobo Atuluk, Deputy Representative, UNFPA Nigeria, Mr Koffi Koluame and Deputy Representative, UNFPA, Mrs Prigitte Mokanga-Eno, during the UNFPA signing ceremony for Information Sharing Protocol of Gender-based Violence Information Management Service and handover of equipment in Abuja, recently
Before the 1960s,
information systems were predominantly basic. The available programme served the following purposes: electronic data processing (EDP) functions as transactions processing, accounting and record-keeping. EDP refers to the use of computer systems in recording, classification, manipulation, and summarising of data. EDP is synonymous with transaction processing systems (TPS), information processing or automatic data processing. These process data from business transactions facilitate the updating operational databases, and generating business documents. Good examples include accounting systems and sales and inventory processing.
In the 1960s, computers received an additional role: data processing to useful informative reports. This introduced the management information systems (MIS) concept. This new role sought to develop business applications which offered managerial end users predefined management reports that supplied managers with relevant information for decision-making. Management information systems are a source of information represented in form of reports and displays utilized in business decision making. These include sales analysis, cost trend reporting systems, and production performance.
By the 1970s, the pre-defined management reports no longer seemed adequate in supporting various decision-making needs by management. As a means of satisfying these needs, decision support systems (DSS) emerged as a new information management system. These new information systems serve to provide various managerial end users with both ad hoc and interactive support systems for their decision-making processes. Generally, decision support systems offer interactive ad hoc support for managerial decision-making processes. Examples of these include product pricing, risk analysis systems, and profitability forecasting.
In the 1980s, microcomputers were first introduced into the workplace, with a profound impact on organisations. There was rapid development of microcomputer processing power, application software packages (such as Microsoft Office), as well as telecommunication networks. This resulted in the new end user computing phenomenon. End users were able to use their own computing resources in the day-to-day job needs, thus eliminating their reliance on indirect support of centralized organisational information services department. However, it was realised that majority of senior executives did not use directly the MIS reports or the analytical modelling capabilities of the DSS. This inspired the introduction of the executive information systems (EIS) concept that provide critical information from existing MIS, DSS and other sources to meet information needs of senior executives.
At the same time, there were significant breakthroughs in the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods to business information systems. The reducing need for physical human intervention led to the freeing up of knowledge workers to attend to more complex tasks. Expert systems (ES) together with knowledge management systems (KMS) brought about the new role for traditional information systems. ES could now serve as consultants to users through the provision of expert advice in particular subject areas. Today, ES or KMS serve as expert advisers and consultants to users. They include credit application advisor, maintenance diagnostic systems, and process monitor. KMS are crucial in supporting the creation, organisation and relaying of business knowledge in the organization
In the period between the mid and late 1990s, there was a revolutionary development of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. This is an organisation-specific form of strategic information system. It incorporates the various departments of a firm from operations to accounting to human resources among others. The main strength of these ERP systems is that they have a common interface for the different computer-based organizational tasks and their precise integration and data sharing required for efficient strategic decision making.
MIS to e-Commerce
The exponential development of the Internet and other interlinked global networks during the 1990s significantly improved the ability of information systems in the workplace. As a result, web-enabled and Internet-based enterprise, commerce systems and global electronic business have become commonplace in today’s business enterprises.
Present information systems still undertake the same basic functions they did over half a century ago. These include processing of transactions, record-keeping, provision of useful and informative data to management, and provision of support to processes and accounting systems of the organisation. Nonetheless, there is a significant change in the form of greater ability of information systems to integrate various system functions across different applications and greater connectivity across similar and differentiated system components. Today’s management systems also provide organisations with the ability to relocate such critical computing tasks as processing, data storage, and presentation that enable taking of advantage of the existing and potential strategic and business opportunities.
The continued technological innovation promises increased development in the capabilities of information systems as focus turns on how to increase the speed and coverage of the systems. There is therefore the potential for increased integration and greater flexibility in the future. The Internet, its related technologies and support applications, have significantly evolved the manner in which organizations function and people work. It also impacts the way information systems provide support to business processes, managerial decision-making and create competitive advantage. Businesses are increasingly taking advantage of Internet technologies by web-enabling their business processes and creating innovative e-business applications. Today, e-business refers to the utilisation of various Internet technologies in the workplace and business processes and engaging with customers and other business stakeholders.
The internet and Internet-like networks (intranet and extranet) are now the primary IT infrastructure providing support to various commercial applications in many companies. Most businesses are now dependent on various e-business applications in re-engineering their internal business processes, implementing electronic commerce systems with customers and other stakeholders, and promoting enterprise collaboration among different business teams and workgroups.
Modern decision-making Information systems support various management decision-making at different levels of management. These include tactical management, strategic management, and operational management.
Strategic management relates to the typical roles of the board of directors and the executive committee consisting CEOs and top executives. This refers to development of the overall corporate goals, policies, strategies, and objectives, which comprise strategic planning process. Also, it relates to monitoring of the strategic performance of the business and its overall trajectory in the economic, political and competitive business environment.
Tactical management – Increasingly, business professionals both in self-directed teams and business unit managers are developing short- to medium-range plans, budgets, and schedules. The plans contain specified policies, procedures and business goals and objectives for the different subunits of the organization. There is also allocation of resources and monitoring of performance of the organisational sub-units
Operational management – Operating managers and members of various self-directed teams are increasingly developing such short range plans as weekly production schedules. These are useful in directing the use of resources among different sub-units as well as the execution of tasks following established procedures, budgets and schedules.
Information systems that enhance the value of information include data warehouse, data mining, and online analytical processing.
Data warehouse (DW) – It is used for storing data extracted from various operational databases, external databases and other databases. Thus, it is therefore a central source of corporate data that has undergone cleaning, transformation and cataloguing for use by management and other business professionals. This data is used at the crucial step of data mining, analytical processing, market research and key decision support.
Data mining (DM) – Data retrieved from DW databases as well as static data are extracted for business processes. The extracted data aids in identifying hidden patterns and trends in historical business activity; making it an important tool for decision-making within an organization. The strategies that management generates are what enable them to gain a competitive edge as well as improve their business performance..
Online Analytical
Processing (OLAP)
OLAP enables managers and analysts to examine interactively, and manipulate, large amounts of detailed and consolidated data from many angles. It involves analyzing complex relationships within data items that are stored in data marts, DW and other multi-dimensional databases. An OLAP session takes place online in real time, with rapid responses to a manager’s or analyst’s queries, so that their analytical or decision-making process is not delayed.
Wori is a US-based systems analyst
Okeh Wori
Business
Shipowners Seek NIMASA Officials’ Prosecution Over N50bn Floating Dock Scandal
Shipowners in Nigeria have called for the prosecution of officials of the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) over the failed ?50 billion floating dock project.
This call follows years of inactivity and mounting concerns about the dock’s operational status which has remained idle for years despite huge investments in it.
The floating dock, acquired over a decade ago with the promise of reducing the cost of dry-docking Nigerian vessels abroad, has instead become a liability, incurring massive port charges while remaining non-operational.
Stakeholders in the maritime industry are now demanding accountability, describing the situation as an economic sabotage that has cost the nation billions of naira.
In a chat with our correspondent, a prominent shipowner, Otunba Sola Adewunmi, stated that the entire transaction was fraudulent from the onset.
He lamented that instead of being used for the benefit of Nigerian shipowners, the floating dock has become a symbol of government waste and mismanagement.
“The floating dock acquired by NIMASA was just a joint wastage. Normally, it was just funding for something that we didn’t really need.
“It has been draining the government’s purse all this while. We have wasted so much money on that dock. They will tell you tomorrow that they have found a solution, but nothing happens.
“Go and investigate how much the government is losing. They are paying heavy charges every month for an asset that has never worked”, he said.
Shipowners have expressed outrage over the continuous financial burden imposed on them, blaming the government for failing to create an enabling environment for indigenous operators.
Also, the current DG of NIMASA, Dr. Dayo Mobereola, while meeting with Journalists few months after his appointment in August 2024 had assured that the agency is working on putting the N50 billion modular floating dock to good use.
Mobereola, who spoke during a chart with the media in Lagos, said the management team had visited the site of the floating dock at the Continental Shipyard, Apapa, as part of the efforts to put the facility into good use.
He said: “The initial plan for the floating dock was not the right one. We are going to put the Modular Floating Dock to very good use so that once it’s in operation, it will benefit the economy, seafarers, and NIMASA itself.
“We need to place the modular floating dock in an appropriate location. It is just a matter of time. We will soon get that done”.
Despite these assurances, the floating dock has remained largely inactive, leading to widespread skepticism among industry players.
Speaking further, Otunba Sola Adewunmi said “The time for excuses is over. NIMASA must either operationalize the floating dock immediately, or face legal consequences for their negligence and mismanagement”.
He emphasized that those responsible for the floating dock’s failure must be held accountable, insisting that criminal prosecution was the only way to deter future financial recklessness.
“If those behind this scam were tried and sent to prison, it would serve as a deterrent. But in Nigeria, absurdity thrives because there are no consequences.
“This is a crime against the Nigerian people. The officials who sanctioned this deal should be arrested, tried, and jailed for economic sabotage”, he declared.
Speaking also, another experienced shipowner and Chief Executive Officer of Peacegate, a maritime services provider, Prince Ayorinde Adedoyin, described the floating dock debacle as part of a larger systemic failure where Nigerian authorities refuse to support local shipowners while enabling foreign interests to dominate the sector.
He stressed that the level of wastefulness surrounding the project was unacceptable and called for a full-scale investigation into the acquisition and management of the facility.
“This floating dock issue has been ongoing for about 10 years. Every year, there’s a new excuse. They move it to Marina, then they move it somewhere else.
“This is part of what we call wastefulness. It’s a disgrace. Between NIMASA and NPA, they couldn’t find a way to put the floating dock in use?
“They couldn’t build a docking pit for it? Instead, they allow it to remain idle while Nigerians suffer. This is taxpayer money—our money—being wasted”, he fumed.
He further explained that the failure to operationalize the dock has resulted in unnecessary financial burdens for shipowners, citing his personal experience of having to dry-dock one of his vessels in Cameroon, initially quoted at $180,000 but eventually costing close to $500,000 due to corruption and mismanagement in foreign dockyards.
“This is what Nigerian shipowners go through. Meanwhile, our own floating dock is rotting away because of the greed of a few people”, he added.
The shipowners also accused the government of deliberately frustrating the development of local capacity in the maritime industry.
They stated how Nigerian shipowners struggle with high-interest rates on loans while foreign vessel operators enjoy lower rates and government incentives.
“Foreign vessel owners have a field day in Nigeria. They get loans at 3% interest rates, while Nigerian shipowners are forced to borrow at over 30% interest.
“How can we compete? The government gave a bailout to the airline industry, but nothing for maritime. Meanwhile, shipowners are going bankrupt, and jobs are being lost”, Ayorinde said.
He also alleged that certain officials were benefiting from the floating dock’s continued non-utilization through port charges, legal battles, and consultancy fees, while Nigerian shipowners continued to suffer.
NIMASA has remained largely silent on the issue, with no concrete plans to operationalize the dock despite years of public outcry.
While the agency has occasionally made statements about finding a permanent home for the facility, industry stakeholders view these as empty promises.
“The only thing they know how to do is set up committees and hold endless meetings. No real action.
“If this dock was in the hands of a private company, it would have been operational years ago. But government officials have turned it into a cash cow for their own personal gain”, Ayorinde concluded.
Business
Maritime Journalists Confer Iconic Award On Customs CG
The Comptroller General (CG) of Nigeria Customs Service (NCS), Bashir Adewale Adeniyi, has been conferred with Nigerian Maritime Journalists Iconic Maritime Award with a special commendation for his excellent performance since he assumed office as CGC .
Adeniyi was also hailed for convincing the Federal Government to suspend the implementation of the 4% Free-on-Board (FOB) value on imports into the country.
Speaking at the ceremony for the presentation of “Iconic Maritime Personality of the Year Award 2024” to the CGC by Nigerian Maritime Journalists in Lagos, Thursday, a maritime icon and former National President of Association of Nigeria Licensed Customs Agents (ANLCA), Prince Olayiwola Shittu, said the suspension is a relief to importers and Customs agents.
Calling CGC Adeniyi and the CG of licensed Customs agents and freight forwarders, Shittu, who was the Chairman of the occasion, noted that the CGC was instrumental to his success when he was the National President of ANLCA as he used to guide him through advice.
He congratulated the CGC for the well deserved award coming from maritime journalists, who, he noted, are the watchdogs of the sector.
The Chairman, Customs Consultative Council, Alhaji Hakeem Olanrewaju, eulogized the qualities of CGC Adeniyi and congratulated him for being celebrated by the maritime press with the award of Iconic Maritime Personality of the Year 2024.
Olanrewaju called the attention of Customs licensed agents to the fact that things have changed and enjoined his colleagues in the freight forwarding business to have attitudinal change.
The Vice President, ANLCA, Prince Olusegun Oduntan, commended the CGC for being a grassroots leader who listens to the people, an attitude, he said, that has brought a positive change.
He promised that his association will continue to partner with Nigeria Customs under the CGC’s leadership.
In his own speech, the National President, Africa Association of Professional Freight Forwarders and Logistics of Nigeria (APFFLON), Otunba Frank Ogunojemite, described the CGC as a downright good man and a natural leader.
He stated that the CGC was his class captain in the university and later the President of the department, adding that he was a sports enthusiast who later became the leader of Man ‘o’ War.
Describing him as extremely patriotic and very humble, he said the CGC has been keeping his old friends without looking at his present status.
Speaking on behalf of the maritime journalists, Mr. Oke Ibeke, commended CGC Adeniyi for his “superlative performance” which has changed the narrative in Customs.
Ibeke commended the CGC for delivering on his mandate in areas of revenue collection, anti-smuggling activities, trade facilitation and others.
He noted that this was the first time journalists from various media houses covering a sector would agree jointly to honour a Chief Executive Officer of an agency.
Ibeke noted that the unusual agreement was not for sycophancy “but to give honour to a man who is a game changer”.
He expressed the belief that President Bola Tinubu must have seen in the CGC special qualities of an accomplished administrator before making him the CGC, adding that he has not disappointed the President for once.
Emphasizing that Customs is key to the economic development of any nation, Ibeke called on the Federal Government to give the Service more power and political support to be able to deliver better on its mandate.
Business
NCS Hands Over Intercepted Arms To NCCSALW
The Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) has handed over 1,599 assorted arms and 2,298 live cartridges to the National Centre for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons (NCCSALW).
The arms, seized in 2018 in three containers at the Tin Can Island Port, were formally handed over to the NCCSALW on Thursday, 13 February 2025, at the headquarters of the Federal Operations Unit, Zone ‘A’, Ikeja, Lagos.
The Comptroller-General of Customs (CGC), Adewale Adeniyi, stated that the handover ceremony demonstrates the NCS’s commitment to protecting national borders and maintaining public safety.
“We will spare no resource in hunting down, exposing, and prosecuting anyone who attempts to compromise our national security through arms trafficking”, he said.
The CGC also commended the professionalism and courage of officers involved in the seizures and the Forensic Unit for their role in securing convictions.
He assured the public of the Service’s commitment to protecting legitimate trade while ensuring national security.
“We stand ready to deploy our full arsenal of intelligence and enforcement capabilities to protect legitimate trade as we ensure Nigeria’s security interests remain paramount”, he added.
The Director-General of NCCSALW, DIG Johnson Babatunde (Rtd), received the items on behalf of the National Security Adviser, Mallam Nuhu Ribadu.
He assured that the weapons would be handled in accordance with international conventions.
“Nigeria is a signatory to the ECOWAS Convention, and we will not do anything short of international best practice”, he said.
He urged all stakeholders to remain vigilant and to continue collaborating to ensure the country remains resilient against the scourge of illicit weaponry.
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