Opinion
Fighting Human Trafficking
Following the
establishment of the National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons and other related Matters (NAPTIP), in 2003, many believed the issue of human trafficking would be a thing of the past or at least drastically reduced.
Sixteen years down the road, the aim of setting up the agency is far from being realised. The scourge of trafficking in persons in Nigeria and its attendant human abuses is still prevalent in the country. Nigerian young men and women are constantly taken abroad and used as money making machines by traffickers.
On the streets of many European countries, Nigerian girls and girls from other African countries are easily seen, working as prostitutes. Many of them were taken abroad with the assurance of employment, scholarship or marriage, only to end up as prostitutes, working for traffickers who sponsored their trip abroad.
The horrific stories from girls who were able to make it back to Nigeria from Italy, Libya and other countries abound making people to ask what NAPTIP and other relevant agencies are doing about the ugly situation.
On the local level, cases of human trafficking are also on the increase. Recently, a story was told of how a Port Harcourt based woman brought her niece from the village, promising to train her in school, only to turn her to a prostitute. According to the story, the woman approached her sister who is a widow and mother of eight children and requested that one of the girls be given to her so she could help train her.
However, on getting to Port Harcourt, the girl was kept in a room where she was forced to sleep with men at a price paid to her aunt. Eventually, the girl got pregnant and she was taken to a clinic for an abortion. All efforts by the girl’s mother to see her daughter in Port Harcourt were frustrated by her aunt. The rest is now history.
In various parts of the country, there are traffickers every where. They take advantage of the high rate of poverty and illiteracy in the country to exploit the people. They recruit people from the rural areas with the promise of a better life and greener pastures either in the city or abroad.
Some Nigerians are now specialists in bringing houses-helps for people in the cities. All you need do is contact them when you need a house-help, they will negotiate the salary with you and within a few days, you have a house-help. But what many do not know is that a percentage of the house-help’s-salary goes to the man who brought him/her.
A quarrel recently broke up between a house girl from Nasarawa State, and her “uncle” who brought her to Port Harcourt. According to the girl, her uncle usually collected N15,000.00 salary from her employer, out of which the uncle was supposed to take N5,000.00 while she took the balance of N10,000.00. But, for five months running, her uncle did not give her a dime, claiming to be saving the money for her. Several appeals to the man to release her money yielded no positive result leading to the confrontation.
So, in as much as efforts are being made to tackle human trafficking on the international level, we should not fail to pay attention inwards as the traffickers are greatly within us. They are not strangers. They are people we know. Even parents traffic their daughters, all in a bid to make money.
Another new method adopted by traffickers to attract their victims is through job vacancy advertisements. These advertisements are often circulated without contact address. Instead interested persons are asked to call certain numbers. It had been largely alleged that most times, a call to such members will lead to more calls until the ignorant victims is trapped and forced to do some unspeakable thing which enriched the syndicates.
No doubt, NAPTIP has been working hard to rescue people and prosecute traffickers, but more should be done, especially on the local level to rid our society of these criminal elements.
All practices and conducts that subject human beings to exploitation including sexual and labour exploitation should be criminalised and the law prohibiliting such practice enforced.
NAPTIP, relevant NGOs, the National Orientation Agency, the media should be involved in sensitising the public especially those in the rural areas on the dangers of human trafficking, the penalties therein for traffickers and their supporters.
Our security agencies should wake up to their duty of ensuring that the traffickers and their syndicates and fished out and punished irrespective of how highly placed they are. A situation where the security personnel are alleged to be in cohort with the traffickers is very worrisome.
Parents on the other hand should realise the harm they are doing to their children, their families and the entire society by resorting to such dehumanizing life style. There is no justifiable reason why parents should use their children to make money. Rather, they should rise up to their responsibilities of fending for their children .
Of course, government is expected to address the harsh economic situation in the country by coming up with better policies, but parents should not rely on that and use their children to make money. Otherwise, the entire society will pay for it in future.
Calista Ezeaku
From all indications, Nigeria possesses enough human and material resources to become a true economic powerhouse in Africa. According to the National Population Commission (NPC, 2023), the country’s population has grown steadily within the last decade, presently standing at about 220 million people—mostly young, vibrant, and innovative. Nigeria also remains the sixth-largest oil producer in the world, with enormous reserves of gas, fertile agricultural land, and human capital.
Yet, despite this enormous potential, the country continues to grapple with underdevelopment, poverty, unemployment, and insecurity. Recent data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, 2023) show that about 129 million Nigerians currently live below the poverty line. Most families can no longer afford basic necessities, even as the government continues to project a rosy economic picture.
The Subsidy Question
The removal of fuel subsidy in 2023 by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has been one of the most controversial policy decisions in Nigeria’s recent history. According to the president, subsidy removal was designed to reduce fiscal burden, unify the foreign exchange rate, attract investment, curb inflation, and discourage excessive government borrowing.
While these objectives are theoretically sound, the reality for ordinary Nigerians has been severe hardship. Fuel prices more than tripled, transportation costs surged, and food inflation—already high—rose above 30% (NBS, 2023). The World Bank (2023) estimates that an additional 7.1 million Nigerians were pushed into poverty after subsidy removal.
A Critical Economic View
As an economist, I argue that the problem was not subsidy removal itself—which was inevitable—but the timing, sequencing, and structural gaps in Nigeria’s implementation.
- Structural Miscalculation
Nigeria’s four state-owned refineries remain nonfunctional. By removing subsidies without local refining capacity, the government exposed the economy to import-price pass-through effects—where global oil price shocks translate directly into domestic inflation. This was not just a timing issue but a fundamental policy miscalculation.
- Neglect of Social Safety Nets
Countries like Indonesia (2005) and Ghana (2005) removed subsidies successfully only after introducing cash transfers, transport vouchers, and food subsidies for the poor (World Bank, 2005). Nigeria, however, implemented removal abruptly, shifting the fiscal burden directly onto households without protection.
- Failure to Secure Food and Energy Alternatives
Fuel subsidy removal amplified existing weaknesses in agriculture and energy. Instead of sequencing reforms, government left Nigerians without refinery capacity, renewable energy alternatives, or mechanized agricultural productivity—all of which could have cushioned the shock.
Political and Public Concerns
Prominent leaders have echoed these concerns. Mr. Peter Obi, the Labour Party’s 2023 presidential candidate, described the subsidy removal as “good but wrongly timed.” Atiku Abubakar of the People’s Democratic Party also faulted the government’s hasty approach. Human rights activists like Obodoekwe Stive stressed that refineries should have been made functional first, to reduce the suffering of citizens.
This is not just political rhetoric—it reflects a widespread economic reality. When inflation climbs above 30%, when purchasing power collapses, and when households cannot meet basic needs, the promise of reform becomes overshadowed by social pain.
Broader Implications
The consequences of this policy are multidimensional:
- Inflationary Pressures – Food inflation above 30% has made nutrition unaffordable for many households.
- Rising Poverty – 7.1 million Nigerians have been newly pushed into poverty (World Bank, 2023).
- Middle-Class Erosion – Rising transport, rent, and healthcare costs are squeezing household incomes.
- Debt Concerns – Despite promises, government borrowing has continued, raising sustainability questions.
- Public Distrust – When government promises savings but citizens feel only pain, trust in leadership erodes.
In effect, subsidy removal without structural readiness has widened inequality and eroded social stability.
Missed Opportunities
Nigeria’s leaders had the chance to approach subsidy removal differently:
- Refinery Rehabilitation – Ensuring local refining to reduce exposure to global oil price shocks.
- Renewable Energy Investment – Diversifying energy through solar, hydro, and wind to reduce reliance on imported petroleum.
- Agricultural Productivity – Mechanization, irrigation, and smallholder financing could have boosted food supply and stabilized prices.
- Social Safety Nets – Conditional cash transfers, food vouchers, and transport subsidies could have protected the most vulnerable.
Instead, reform came abruptly, leaving citizens to absorb all the pain while waiting for theoretical long-term benefits.
Conclusion: Reform With a Human Face
Fuel subsidy removal was inevitable, but Nigeria’s approach has worsened hardship for millions. True reform must go beyond fiscal savings to protect citizens.
Economic policy is not judged only by its efficiency but by its humanity. A well-sequenced reform could have balanced fiscal responsibility with equity, ensuring that ordinary Nigerians were not crushed under the weight of sudden change.
Nigeria has the resources, population, and resilience to lead Africa’s economy. But leadership requires foresight. It requires policies that are inclusive, humane, and strategically sequenced.
Reform without equity is displacement of poverty, not development. If Nigeria truly seeks progress, its policies must wear a human face.
References
- National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). (2023). Poverty and Inequality Report. Abuja.
- National Population Commission (NPC). (2023). Population Estimates. Abuja.
- World Bank. (2023). Nigeria Development Update. Washington, DC.
- World Bank. (2005). Fuel Subsidy Reforms: Lessons from Indonesia and Ghana. Washington, DC.
- OPEC. (2023). Annual Statistical Bulletin. Vienna.
By: Amarachi Amaugo
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