Features
Boosting Nigeria’s Economy Through Salt
Stakeholders in solid mineral sector have called for the full exploitation of the huge salt deposits in some states across the country for local consumption and export. A recent survey indicated that some states had large deposits of salt but virtually all the states had not really utilised the mineral resource to develop their economies.
The stakeholders particularly expressed dismay that Nigeria still imported salt for its local consumption, and over to 23 billion dollars or N3.6 trillion had been reportedly spent on salt importation in the last 10 years.
Some of the states with large salt deposits include Benue, Cross River, Ebonyi,Abia, Taraba and Nassarawa states.
Director, Department of Artisanal and Small Scale Mining (ASM), Federal Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, Mr Patrick Ojeka, said that the creation and implementation of an enabling policy would facilitate the transformation of Nigeria into a salt producing country.
He said that the country was blessed with abundant liquid salt deposits in many states which could be harnessed and refined for sales in the local and international market.
“As an individual, I am not aware of any salt producing industry in our country although, it may exist,” he said, adding that there were tracks of salt that flowed from some states to other states across the country.
“There is a track of salt water in Benue and in Obi Local Government, Nasarawa, but only the locals fetch the liquid and evaporate it into salt, the same track passes through Ogoja in Cross River.
“Some states such as Nasarawa, Ebonyi, Benue, Cross River states are sitting on inland salt boom but only the local women are fetching theliquid and evaporating it into salt.
“If there is a policy and adequate implementation put in place, industries will harness the liquid and refine it into salt, instead of importing the product, which we have in abundance,” Ojeka said.
The survey particularly examined some states with salt deposits such as Abia and Ebonyi, Nassarawa and Taraba to assess their level of utilisation of the saltdeposits to generate revenue and boost their economy.
In Ebonyi, salt deposits can be found in commercial quantities in Uburu, Okposi, Enyigba, waiting to be tapped for the economic development of the state.
However, stakeholders expressed disappointment over the inability of successive governments to harness the huge salt deposits in the state.
Former Chairman of Salt Processors Union in Uburu, Ohaozara Local Government Area, Chief Silas Onyibe, said that government had continued to pay lip-service to the exploitation of salt deposits in the state.
“Successive governments in the state have failed to harness the vast salt deposits,” he said.
Onyibe said that currently, no fewer than 3,000 people were engaged in subsistence salt production, adding that they contributed over N100 million yearly to the government coffers.
“Ebonyi’s slogan, ‘Salt of the Nation’, is given due to its large salt deposits and its salt production capacity.
“It is regrettable that the salt processors, mostly women, who are 40 years and above still use crude and traditional methods of processing salt,” he said.
Mr Nwankwo Ewah, a salt processor at Enyigba, moaned that potential investors in commercial salt production were frustrated by “obnoxious government policies”.
“The investors, including foreigners, have educated us on modern methods of salt production but could not install the modern equipment, worth millions of dollars, due to the government’s policies,” he said.
According to him, the only salt factory in the area, which produced several tonnes of salt daily with at least 500 workers “is finding it difficult to thrive”, noting that the unfriendly atmosphere in the state had encouraged illegal salt processing in the area.
An official of the Ebonyi Ministry of Solid Minerals, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said that government was zealous to boost its revenue base through salt production.
She said that the state government would soon unveil its blueprint in that regard, adding that local salt producers were constantly encouraged with grants and equipment to boost their production capacity.
According to her, the establishment of modern salt processing facilities in the state was being considered by the government and called for patience on the part of the people.
In Aba, Abia, the Commissioner for Solid Minerals Development, Chief Allwell Asiforo, said that the ministry had concluded plans to partner with Aba Chamber of Commerce and Industry “in identifying and exploring mineral deposits in the state, including salt.
“We are opening our doors to both foreign and local investors to come and help us exploit the huge mineral deposits in Abia,” Asiforo said.
In Nasarawa, the state government expressed its readiness to collaborate with private investors in harnessing the large salt deposits in the state.
The Commissioner for Environment and Solid Minerals, Mr Gabriel Aka’ka, said that Keana and Awe local government areas of the state have large salt deposits.
Aka’ka said that women in the neighbourhoods had been using crude methods to refine the salt, selling the product and earning a living from the business over the years.
He explained that efforts had been made in the past by the state government, in collaboration with the Raw Materials Research and Development Council and the Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, toward industrialising the processing of the commodity.
He said during the former Gov. Abdullahi Adamu’s administration, the collaborative efforts led to the fabrication of a salt processing machine by the Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa.
“It includes efforts to have an internal technology built by Nigerians to see how to harness the mining of the salt.
“Unfortunately, the machines could not meet the target and the project was eventually abandoned and the machines were left to rot,” he said.
Aka’ka admitted that not much had been done about salt in the state since that initial government effort to exploit the mineral.
“We believe that public private partnership will go a long way toward the effective and sustainable exploitation of the mineral for the benefit of the state and the people, “ Aka’ka added.
Malam Abubakar Yunusa, a resident of Keana, stated that the salt deposit in the areas was part of their heritage, as the local mining technology had been passed down from generation to generation, spanning over a century.
According to Yunusa, the town derived its name from the man who discovered the salt lake, ‘Ogye Keana’ and decided to settle in the location.
He said that women from each household in Keana were apportioned locations around the lake by a local chief, who was saddled with the administration of the salt lake.
Yunusa noted that during the administration of a former governor, the late Aliyu Akwe Doma, the Dangote Group of Companies was in Keana to start up a salt refining plant “but nobody knows what became of the project”.
He appealed to the government to consider harnessing the salt potential in the areas, adding that apart from being a revenue earner, the salt village could also be developed as a tourist site.
In Taraba, the Chief of Akwana in Wukari Local Government Area ofTaraba, Mr Paul Agbo, urged the state and federal governments to invest in exploiting the huge salt deposits in the area.
Agbo said that the salt in his domain was rich in iodine, adding that investment in exploitation of the salt deposits would modernise the current local extraction processes used in Akwana to boost productivity.
He said that the Akwana District, which covers 41km, could meet most of the country’s salt demand if its potential was properly harnessed.
“With the large quantity of salt in my domain, we have the capacity to produce most of the salt needed in the country if there is the needed investment.
“Therefore, we are calling on the state and Federal Governments to invest in transforming the current local method of producing salt to a modernised one, so that our income level can be increased,” he said.
On his part, a stakeholder in salt management, Mr Simon Sengha, said that salt production, which was the major economic activity of his people since ancient times, was only for local consumption at the moment.
“Salt production in Akwana dates back to the period of Trans–Saharan trade in which merchants from far North usually came to buy salt here and export it to places as far as the present-day Libya.
“The quantity of salt in Akwana is beyond the horizon of ordinary human estimation because, apart from rain, all other sources of water within the vicinity of Akwana town taste salty.
“Advanced technology has yet to be introduced in the process of extraction, filtration, evaporation, crystallization and distillation of the salt.
“The production of salt in Akwana is inadequate to bring about the economy of cost because it takes a great deal of physical labour to record a minimal result,” Sengha said.
Experts say that apart from inadequate modern technology, disruption of mine fields by grazing activities is also a factor constraining salt production in the country.
He, however, said that investment in the salt production could be achieved through the provision of infrastructure and tackling the fragile security situation in the area.
“Government should beef up security in Akwana to mitigate the deteriorating security situation in order to ensure enabling atmosphere of economic growth and development.
“With improved security situation, the resources tapped here will spur economic growth via the creation of wealth and jobs in the midst of scarce resources,” Sengha added.
Yussuf writes for News Agency of Nigeria.
Grace Yussuf
From the fore going, the fight against drug trafficking should be treated as an international challenge with open collaboration, if the world leadership must win the fight!.
The circumstances or should I say the improvement on drug related activities are modifying and updating on daily basis. A close friend of mine in the United States of America who recently visited Jamaica, came with a lot of complicated information about drug trafficking and transaction. Being a qualified Nurse in US and on a visit to the Reggae Country (Jamaica), she said she was put aback when a man approached her and introduced himself as a Pharmacist. According to her, she immediately picked interest due to her professional background. To her, a business partner is birthed. But she was shocked to the narrows on learning that drug dealers or traffickers and subriquited Pharmacist in that Country. From her account, they ( The Jamaican Pharmacists), are the first set to people to meet and greet you at the Airport. No government or authority challenges them in the open due to the sophisticated nature of their transportation
Come to think of it, who would want to attack a Pharmacist on duty? Nigerians are not left out in the improvement on drug deal. A chat with a confident in the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency ( NDLEA) Rivers State Command, so revealed. The Officer draw my attention to the movement of Dispatch Riders. He said part of the reasons they ride with almost speed equivalent of the thunder lightning, is to meet up with the appointment of delivering hard drug consignment to a client of theirs. According to him, those guys popularly referred to as Yahoo Boys are the ones who now payroll dispatch riders so that they can deliver their consignment ( hard drugs) on schedule no matter the sort of traffic or weather condition. The fear of loosing rich clients and that of the unknown treatment that may come of the Boys, as the officer puts it, drives the Riders crazy thus the reason to speed even at the expense of their lives.
The account of a prominent Party Promoter, Wayne Anthony, as obtained online recently, also pointed out that ‘No Legislation Will Stop Clubbers From Doing Drugs’ Party promoter, Wayne Anthony, arrived in Ibiza, a Spanish Island in 1988, at the same time as dance music and the party drug ecstasy. Despite hallucinating badly enough to make him give up the lifestyle forever, he says laws will never stop clubbers taking drugs. “I don’t think you can control these things,” said former party promoter Wayne Anthony. He arrived in Ibiza in 1988 and began setting up club nights and raves in some of the island’s most iconic venues. In the years that followed, the sleepy Spanish island turned into a raver’s haven of clubbing and hedonism, with party drugs like ecstasy commonly found. “What Ibiza represented was this beautiful, hot island which was visually stunning and we knew you could party there quite legally,” said Wayne. “You didn’t have to look over your shoulder. You could just be as free as you possibly could be.”
That freedom came with a price. Along with the lavish clubs, all-day-benders and hot Spanish sun came drug cartels and crime. The city transformed into one the world’s most vibrant party capitals, “fuelled by a dangerous and lucrative drugs trade which drew as many criminals to its shores as it did party animals”. Wayne, one of the contributors to the documentary, spoke to Sky News ahead of its release.”I’m not going to sit here and say the cartels aren’t there. They are all there and they’ve been there from the ’90s,” said Wayne. But he said most people tried to ignore the organised crime going on around them. According to Wayne, clubbers usually took the approach of: “‘Give me 10 E’s . Behind the scenes of the filming of Ibiza Narcos with Wayne Anthony. Behind the scenes of the filming of Ibiza Narcos with Wayne Anthony. Hallucinating giant spiders Although he described the Balearic island as the “motherland”, it was eventually a bad experience with drugs that convinced Wayne it was time to leave Ibiza.
He’d been partying for days when he realised he’d taken too many drugs. A friend told him to drink cough medicine, dangerous advice that he now says could have killed him. “I saw the worst hallucination I’ve ever seen in all of my life. I ended up locking myself in the villa with all the shutters down. When he sobered up, he realised he had “come to the end” of his party life on the island. “I never looked back. I never took another drug. I got away from the club world.” ‘I don’t think you’re going to be able to stop it’ Despite his life-changing experience, he doesn’t think criminalising drugs is a good idea – or particularly effective. “If you’re old enough to vote for who’s going to be a world leader, if you’re old enough to put your name down on debt for 25 years, I feel like you should be old enough to govern what you put inside your own body, you know?” said Wayne.
Back to Nigeria, some illicit drugs worth over N30billion seized at Onne Port in Rivers State.
This blood chilling development forced the Federal Government to declare a state of emergency at the Onne Port, following what authorities described as repeated incidents of importation of dangerous cargo, including arms and ammunition through the said port. To this effect, the government said it was immediately implementing emergency protocols at Onne Port for the next three months by conducting thorough examinations of all suspected containers in the premises.
The Comptroller-General of Customs, Bashir Adeniyi, in charge of the port via a press conference, said it henceforth, unveiled the seizures of illicit goods by the Nigeria Customs Service, Area 2 Command, Onne in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State. In defence for his action, Adeniyi said the recurring incidents posed a threat to national security, adding that the health of citizens at the Onne Port is increasingly being used as a destination for dangerous and illicit cargo, describing it as a disturbing trend.
The customs boss stated, “Earlier today, I joined numerous stakeholders to take a significant step towards the cause of trade facilitation through the inauguration of upgraded facilities provided by the West Africa Container Terminal, Onne. “As I express delight that trade facilitation is getting traction in Onne Port, I cannot help but call your attention to a grave concern. This has to do with the repeated incidents of national security breaches unfolding in Onne Port. I appreciate your presence, as we all have a shared responsibility in safeguarding our national security. As we are all aware, the policy thrust of Mr President supports the re-energising of our business environment to drive faster import clearance and grow our capacity for exports, Our emphasis has been to promote initiatives that speak to Trade facilitation and economic development. “It is a matter of regret that criminal elements in the international supply chain are exploiting our pro-trade stance to commit atrocities bordering on national security breaches”.
“The attempts to test our will through the importation of dangerous cargo through this port has necessitated the declaration of a state of emergency in Onne Port, coming on the heels of a seizure of a huge cache of arms a couple of months ago. It is disheartening that perpetrators have not backed down on their illegal acts. Recent intelligence and seizures have revealed a disturbing trend; Onne Port is increasingly being used as a destination for dangerous and illicit cargo. The scale and nature of these illegal importations pose a significant threat to our national security and the health of our citizens. Today, we are here to showcase yet another series of significant seizures made by the diligent officers of the Area 2 Command. On display are twelve containers of illicit goods intercepted through a combination of intelligence gathering, inter-agency collaboration, and meticulous physical examination. Seizures on Display include: Three (3) x 40-feet containers: Containing 562,600 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine and 3,150 pieces of chilly cutters, with a Paid Duty Value (DPV) of N4,716,573,846.
“Others are, three x 40-feet containers containing 380,000 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine, 24,480,000 tablets of Royal Tramadol Hydrochloride, 5,350,000 tablets of Tapentadol and Carisoprodol, and other items, with a DPV of N17,432,506,000 were seized”.
According to the report, more seized items were, “Five (5) x 40-feet containers; Containing 892,400 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine, 1,300,000 tablets of 50mg Really Extra Diclofenac, 7,250,000 tablets of 5mg Trodol Benzhexol, and other items, with a DPV of N8, 128,568,295,90. This very action of the Nigeria Customs Service, further complicated the hope of how soon the fight against drug trafficking could be brought to a halt owing to its high profile nature.
Another hair-raising report of the illicit drug deal has it that when NDLEA bursted a Snake-Guarded Shrine Used For Storing Illicit Drugs sometime ago in Edo State. This very news report was published in The Tide Newspaper on June 24, 2024. According to the report, NDLEA said its operatives uncovered a shrine, guarded by a snake, being used for storing illicit drugs, during an operation in Edo State. The Agency in a statement by its spokesperson, Femi Babafemi, added that its operatives discovered a specially constructed large hole in a wall, hidden behind wallpapers and fetish objects used for drug storage. It further noted that methamphetamine, Loud, Colorado and Arizona, all strong strains of cannabis with a total weight of 8.743kg among others, were recovered from the shrine.
To be cont’d
King Onunwor
The persistent clash between farmers and herders in Nigeria has been a longstanding issue. These conflicts, often, over resources like land and water, have led to loss of lives, destruction of property, displacement of large numbers of people, deep-seated mistrust between communities and insecurity. Herders, traditionally nomadic, move their livestock in search of grazing land and water. Farmers, on the other hand, require the same resources for their crops. This competition often leads to clashes, especially in areas where land is becoming increasingly scarce due to population growth, climate change, and environmental degradation. As these clashes intensify, there has been a growing call for sustainable solutions. Two weeks ago, President Bola Tinubu took a bold step towards tackling the issue by inaugurating the Presidential Committee on Implementation of Livestock Reforms and creating the Ministry of Livestock Development.
The committee which has the president as the chairman and the former Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Professor Attahiru Jega as the deputy chairman has the mandate to address obstacles to agricultural productivity and open up new opportunities which benefit farmers, herders, processors, and distributors in the livestock-farming value chain as well as propose recommendations aimed at fostering a peaceful co-existence between herders and farmers, ensuring the security and economic well-being of Nigerians.The establishment of the Ministry of Livestock Development was part of the recommendations of the National Livestock Reforms Committee. Part of the 21 recommendations submitted to the president include: “This agenda should include the establishment and resuscitation of grazing reserves as suggested by many experts and well-meaning Nigerians and other methods of land utilisation.
“Create the Ministry of Livestock Resources in line with practice in many other West African countries. In the alternative, Federal and State Governments should expand the scope of existing Departments of Livestock Production to address the broader needs of the industry,” among others. Experts in the agricultural sector have posited that the livestock industry can create millions of jobs directly in farming, processing, and distribution, and indirectly in related sectors like feed production, veterinary services, and marketing. It provides livelihoods for rural populations, helping to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life in rural areas. It also increases the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign exchange earnings through the exports of livestock and livestock products such as meat, dairy, wool and leather.
According to them, a well-funded livestock industry supports the growth of agro-processing sectors, such as meat packing, dairy processing, and leather manufacturing, adds value to raw products and creates additional economic activity as well as stimulates the development of supply chains, including logistics, packaging, and retail, contributing to broader economic growth. It enhances economic resilience by diversifying the agricultural sector and providing a buffer against crop failures or other agricultural shocks and many more. Some other agriculturists have also opined that the livestock industry in Nigeria is currently underdeveloped and that by the creation of the ministry of livestock development will open up the industry which will be a huge money spinner for Nigeria.
Reports have shown that a Livestock Ministry can play a pivotal role in mitigating conflicts between farmers and herders by implementing policies and programmes aimed at fostering coexistence and sustainable resource management. The Ministry can work towards clearly demarcating grazing routes and farming areas. This would reduce instances of trespassing and accidental crop destruction, a common flashpoint for conflict. While introducing rotational grazing systems can ensure that land is used sustainably, preventing overgrazing and land degradation, establishing water points and boreholes specifically for livestock can reduce competition for water resources. Similarly, promoting the development of pasturelands through reseeding and controlled burns can improve grazing conditions.
According to a veterinary doctor, Dr Andrew Obadiah, by providing training for herders on sustainable livestock practices and for farmers on conflict resolution, both parties can understand the importance of coexistence. He said that extension services of the ministry can offer advice on improving livestock health and productivity, reducing the need for large herds and extensive grazing. “Setting up local committees involving both farmers and herders to mediate disputes can provide a platform for dialogue and peaceful resolution. Encouraging community-based conflict early warning systems can help prevent clashes before they escalate”, he emphasised.For Mrs. Stella Ugwu, a farmer, having a ministry dedicated to the development of the livestock industry can help in diversifying income sources for both farmers and herders and in turn reduce dependence on land.
”For instance, promoting agro-pastoralism can provide farmers with livestock and herders with agricultural produce”, she explained, adding that providing incentives for adopting sustainable practices, such as subsidies for fodder production or crop insurance, can ease economic pressures. Ugwu was however of the opinion that the creation of a new ministry to handle livestock affairs was uncalled for, since the job can effectively be done by the Technical and Service Department of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and food security and its equivalent on the states level.In some countries, the establishment of a Livestock Ministry or similar bodies has shown promising results. For example, Ethiopia’s Ministry of Agriculture includes a dedicated department for livestock which has successfully implemented programmes to improve pastoral livelihoods and reduce conflicts.
In Kenya, the establishment of the National Drought Management Authority has helped manage resources better, thus reducing clashes between herders and farmers during dry seasons.The president of Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (MACBAN), Othman Ngelzarma, sees the Ministry of Livestock Development achieving the same feat for Nigeria in the near future. He told newsmen that, “MACBAN expresses its deepest appreciation to the Federal Government for creating a ministry of livestock to unlock the trillion-naira livestock economy and create qualitative and productive jobs across the value chain to improve the Nigerian economy. With this development, MACBAN believes the hope of the Nigerian pastoralists is now achieved under the Renewed Hope Agenda.
However, the Middle Belt Forum took a different view of the proposed Ministry of Livestock Development, saying it was not enough to sustainably resolve the decades-long farmers-herders crisis in the country. According to the National President of the association, Mr. Bitrus Pogu, what is needed to end the perennial farmers/herders clashes is a deliberate action by regulatory bodies and the government to stop criminal elements from carrying out deadly attacks on innocent Nigerians, mainly farmers. Hear him: “If the reason for creating the Ministry is to stop clashes, I think it is wrong because all of these attacks and killings that are happening have nothing to do with conflicts between farmers and herders. “Farmers have never connived at any given time to go and attack herders, but rather, criminals who happen to be Fulani gang up and attack farmers, kill, maim and chase them out of their ancestral homes.
“Then, the Fulani will come and occupy them. So, it is more about invasion, criminality, and terrorism. And the majority of those they hire to do these evils are not even those who have cattle. So, a deliberate action has to be taken by the government against the perpetrators, which will address the criminality.” Mr. Pogu suggested that the government should adopt ranching for productivity and enduring peace between the pastoralists and farmers in particular and the entire country in general.While the establishment of a Livestock Ministry presents a viable solution, it is not without challenges. Funding constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and corruption can hamper its effectiveness. Additionally, deeply ingrained cultural practices and mistrust between farmers and herders can be difficult to overcome.
Critics argue that without a holistic approach that includes land reform, climate change adaptation, and broader economic development, a Livestock Ministry alone may not be sufficient. Therefore, it must work in tandem with other governmental and non-governmental bodies to ensure comprehensive solutions. “A dedicated Livestock Ministry, with its focus on sustainable resource management, conflict resolution, and economic incentives, offers a promising avenue to address the root causes of these clashes. However, its success depends on effective implementation, adequate funding, and the cooperation of all stakeholders involved. With the right strategies and commitment, devoid of any political or selfish interest, it can play a crucial role in fostering peace and prosperity in affected regions”, they advised.
Calista Ezeaku