Features
Challenge Of Unemployment And National Dev
No doubt, Nigeria is bedevilled by a miscellany of hydra-headed problems. One of suuch problems is the growing rate of unemployment. Nigeria, though endowed with natural resources to drive rapid development, has the highest unemployment rate in the world. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Nigeria’s unemployment rate as at 2023 is 33.3 per cent. This rate is about 360 per cent higher than the 2021 rate which was 9.79 per cent and about 180 per cent higher than the 16 per cent rate of 2022. In a similar situation, a Global Youth Unemployment Index shows that Nigeria has the second highest number of unemployed youths in the world. From the analysis, it is evident that unemployment is on geometric growth like a phoenix in Nigeria with a population conservatively put at 200 million people and speculated to rise to 250 million in 2030 according to Demographers.
Unemployment in Nigeria is a conspiracy of several factors. According to Dr. Smith Afolabi, a renowned economist, the lack of employable skills by several Nigerians, especially the young population, due to inappropriate school curricular and some courses run by tertiary institutions that lacked the capacity to equip the students with employable skills for the labour market on graduation is a major factor. Developed economies of the world are entrepreneurship-driven and not necessarily a function of academic or paper qualifications. It is unarguably true that several people working or in the labour market are not working by their academic qualifications. Apart from the deliberate and intentional efforts by the political class to kill the public / civil service through demotivating policies and non payment of workers and retirees’ entitlements, the white collar or civil service jobs are no more paying.
The take-home is too paltry to take the civil servant home. This explains the growing disenchantment, agitations and poverty among the civil servants as against the political office holders whose service years are far less than the civil servants who serve 35 years.Wisdom demands that the clamour and yearning for white collar job should be de-emphasised by Nigerians or there should be diversified economic generation initiative to cope with the harsh socio-economic realities in Nigeria. Already, the Nigerian government headed by Asiwaju Ahmed Bola Tinubu has sounded to Nigerians that, “days of white collar jobs are over”.
According to a report in the Wednesday, July 5, 2023 edition of The Tide Newspaper, The Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Education, David Adejo, on July 4, 2023, after monitoring the National Business and Technical Education Board (NABTEB) examination in Abuja, said the world has moved beyond the days of the white-collar job. He urged parents to encourage their children and wards to take a career in vocational and technical education. Every year, higher institutions in Nigeria-universites, polytechnics, colleges of education etc- churn out graduates into labour market that is already saturated with unemployment. These yearly graduands further aggravate the rate of unemployment as many have not acquired employable skills or did not study courses that are relevant to the development of the nation’s or state’s economy.
The geometric population growth has also created an overwhelming increase in youth population that needed to be meaningfully engaged. The unavailability of the much desired jobs has occasioned the several youth involvement in crime and criminality, including cultism, prostitution, armed robbery, advance fee fraud, banditry. In a determined efforts to curb the growing unemployment rate, the Rivers State Government has left no stone unturned. For instance, previous and successive administrations have put in place several youth empowerment and economic development programmes such as loan to drive small and medium businesses in the State while providing enabling environment for investors and entrepreneurs to operate. The School-to-Land scheme of a former Governor Fidelis Oyakhilome sited on a 250 hectares of arable land in Bukuma in Degema Local Government Area of Rivers State cannot be consigned to history.
The bane of most government’s economic development policies is lack of sustainability. The School-To-Land and the Graduate Farmers Scheme which were hosted by the Bukuma community became moribund after the government that initiated them left office, thereby throwing the beneficiaries of the schemes into unemployment. Recently, the social media and the traditional media including the print and electronic media, reported that the Rivers State COVID-19 Action Recovery and Economic Stimulus (RIV-CARES) has empowered more than 500 Small and Medium Scale enterprises in Rivers State, since December 2022 under the World Bank Federal and State Government COVID-19 intervention grant designed to boost businesses after the pandemic.
Speaking at a technical session for digital/e-commerce integration of beneficiaries for RIV-CARES Result Area 3 disbursement ceremony in Port Harcourt, the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Lawson Ikuru, said the programme was aimed at building businesses. Although, the federal government on her part has initiated several programmes to address the problem of unemployment in the country, the challenge of unemployment still persists multi-dimensionally.Some of the schemes and policy of the federal government are, the establishment of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) to provide vocational and entrepreneurship skills training for various categories of Nigerians. Some of the beneficiaries or trainees are resettled or empowered after successful completion of training. The Graduate Farmers Scheme has the dual purpose of empowering graduates of tertiary institutions who opt for agro-allied economic development and making food sufficient.
The scheme in Rivers State was sited in Bukuma in Degema Local Government Area. Another scheme of the federal government to impact the beneficiaries with skills is the National Youth Service Corps established in 1973 (about 50 years ago). It is mandatory for graduates of government-recognised degree awarding tertiary institutions to undertake a one year period of national service before they are absorbed into the labour market. It helps graduates within the prescribed age bracket to gain the desired experience which would enhance their chances of securing gainful employment or become self-employed at the end of the service’s primary assignment, haven acquired the requisite training and skills to be absorbed. Concerned with unemployment menace in Nigeria and its attendant challenges, His Majesty, King Charles 111 of England has “set up an initiative to tackle unemployment, bridge skills gap and enhance employability of Nigerian youths”.
This was disclosed in Lagos at the Prince Trust International (PTI) Recruitment Fair held on July 4, 2023, in collaboration with the Nigeria Employers Consultative Association (NECA) and Field of Skills and Dreams (FSD). According to Mr. Will Straw, the Chief Executive Officer, PTI, Nigerian youths are faced with the issues of skills, job and experience gaps. “Over 10 million Nigerian children are out of school. Many more leave school early to start earning. Many had left education without the skills needed to enter the workforce. “And with far more job seekers than formal jobs, most young people in Nigeria have to work in the informal sector which makes up over half of the economy. Young people are told ‘you can’t get a job because you lack experience’ but can’t gain experience because you can’t get a job”.
To address the unemployability of young people because of lack of experience and skills, Straw said the PTI was committed to bridging the gap by focusing on Programmes that will equip youths with skills and tackle the global crisis of youth unemployment. For its part, the Nigeria Computer Society (NCS) has commenced Technology Initiative Development Programme (TIDP) aimed at empowering and supporting young innovators in Nigeria. According to Prof. Adesina Sodiya, President of NCS, to facilitate innovation each team member will receive brand new laptops and financial support to keep them motivated. “The TIDP Programme initiated three years ago, aims to foster innovation and development in Nigeria. It seeks to provide resources and experience to young individuals with brilliant ideas but limited means to translate them into world-class solutions.
The programme will also build a community of young innovators who can become successful entrepreneurs or find employment. No doubt, unemployment is posing threat to peace and stability of society. It is one of the leading causes of crime and criminalities in Nigeria, especially among the youth population. As a way to curb the vicissitudes attendant on unemployment, youths should be trained to acquire skills that are relevant to real labour demands; Credit and loan facility should be made available to youths at single-digit interest rate to enable them set up their businesses. Government at all levels should fill existing vacancies in the public/civil service. There is a growing depletion of workforce at the Federal, State and Local Government Area levels, as a result of retirement, death, resignation for greener pastures. Women should be empowered to assist in home-building.
The employers of labour in the private sector should raise the bar on employment of manpower. This is necessary because in several private businesses only few staff drive the corporate goals of the organisation. They use the few workers maximally, and pay them peanut. In what looks like slave-labour the workers are compelled to give in their totality to the job, yet the pay is provocative.
Casual and contract staffing is now systemic and a norm because employers of labour in both private and public sectors want to maximise profit at the expense of engaged labour. It is high time operators of private and public enterprises, including private schools, be reminded that the most critical factor of production is manpower and not capital. It requires motivated and efficient workers to achieve the corporate goals of any organisation.
Toy with workers, the establishment totters on the brink of bankruptcy and consequent disintegration. The unavailability of work should not promote slave and casual work in Nigeria. The dignity of human should be factored into the management and administration of private and public enterprises. Underdevelopment is inevitable if workers are not motivated to be productive.
By: Igbiki Benibo
From the fore going, the fight against drug trafficking should be treated as an international challenge with open collaboration, if the world leadership must win the fight!.
The circumstances or should I say the improvement on drug related activities are modifying and updating on daily basis. A close friend of mine in the United States of America who recently visited Jamaica, came with a lot of complicated information about drug trafficking and transaction. Being a qualified Nurse in US and on a visit to the Reggae Country (Jamaica), she said she was put aback when a man approached her and introduced himself as a Pharmacist. According to her, she immediately picked interest due to her professional background. To her, a business partner is birthed. But she was shocked to the narrows on learning that drug dealers or traffickers and subriquited Pharmacist in that Country. From her account, they ( The Jamaican Pharmacists), are the first set to people to meet and greet you at the Airport. No government or authority challenges them in the open due to the sophisticated nature of their transportation
Come to think of it, who would want to attack a Pharmacist on duty? Nigerians are not left out in the improvement on drug deal. A chat with a confident in the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency ( NDLEA) Rivers State Command, so revealed. The Officer draw my attention to the movement of Dispatch Riders. He said part of the reasons they ride with almost speed equivalent of the thunder lightning, is to meet up with the appointment of delivering hard drug consignment to a client of theirs. According to him, those guys popularly referred to as Yahoo Boys are the ones who now payroll dispatch riders so that they can deliver their consignment ( hard drugs) on schedule no matter the sort of traffic or weather condition. The fear of loosing rich clients and that of the unknown treatment that may come of the Boys, as the officer puts it, drives the Riders crazy thus the reason to speed even at the expense of their lives.
The account of a prominent Party Promoter, Wayne Anthony, as obtained online recently, also pointed out that ‘No Legislation Will Stop Clubbers From Doing Drugs’ Party promoter, Wayne Anthony, arrived in Ibiza, a Spanish Island in 1988, at the same time as dance music and the party drug ecstasy. Despite hallucinating badly enough to make him give up the lifestyle forever, he says laws will never stop clubbers taking drugs. “I don’t think you can control these things,” said former party promoter Wayne Anthony. He arrived in Ibiza in 1988 and began setting up club nights and raves in some of the island’s most iconic venues. In the years that followed, the sleepy Spanish island turned into a raver’s haven of clubbing and hedonism, with party drugs like ecstasy commonly found. “What Ibiza represented was this beautiful, hot island which was visually stunning and we knew you could party there quite legally,” said Wayne. “You didn’t have to look over your shoulder. You could just be as free as you possibly could be.”
That freedom came with a price. Along with the lavish clubs, all-day-benders and hot Spanish sun came drug cartels and crime. The city transformed into one the world’s most vibrant party capitals, “fuelled by a dangerous and lucrative drugs trade which drew as many criminals to its shores as it did party animals”. Wayne, one of the contributors to the documentary, spoke to Sky News ahead of its release.”I’m not going to sit here and say the cartels aren’t there. They are all there and they’ve been there from the ’90s,” said Wayne. But he said most people tried to ignore the organised crime going on around them. According to Wayne, clubbers usually took the approach of: “‘Give me 10 E’s . Behind the scenes of the filming of Ibiza Narcos with Wayne Anthony. Behind the scenes of the filming of Ibiza Narcos with Wayne Anthony. Hallucinating giant spiders Although he described the Balearic island as the “motherland”, it was eventually a bad experience with drugs that convinced Wayne it was time to leave Ibiza.
He’d been partying for days when he realised he’d taken too many drugs. A friend told him to drink cough medicine, dangerous advice that he now says could have killed him. “I saw the worst hallucination I’ve ever seen in all of my life. I ended up locking myself in the villa with all the shutters down. When he sobered up, he realised he had “come to the end” of his party life on the island. “I never looked back. I never took another drug. I got away from the club world.” ‘I don’t think you’re going to be able to stop it’ Despite his life-changing experience, he doesn’t think criminalising drugs is a good idea – or particularly effective. “If you’re old enough to vote for who’s going to be a world leader, if you’re old enough to put your name down on debt for 25 years, I feel like you should be old enough to govern what you put inside your own body, you know?” said Wayne.
Back to Nigeria, some illicit drugs worth over N30billion seized at Onne Port in Rivers State.
This blood chilling development forced the Federal Government to declare a state of emergency at the Onne Port, following what authorities described as repeated incidents of importation of dangerous cargo, including arms and ammunition through the said port. To this effect, the government said it was immediately implementing emergency protocols at Onne Port for the next three months by conducting thorough examinations of all suspected containers in the premises.
The Comptroller-General of Customs, Bashir Adeniyi, in charge of the port via a press conference, said it henceforth, unveiled the seizures of illicit goods by the Nigeria Customs Service, Area 2 Command, Onne in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State. In defence for his action, Adeniyi said the recurring incidents posed a threat to national security, adding that the health of citizens at the Onne Port is increasingly being used as a destination for dangerous and illicit cargo, describing it as a disturbing trend.
The customs boss stated, “Earlier today, I joined numerous stakeholders to take a significant step towards the cause of trade facilitation through the inauguration of upgraded facilities provided by the West Africa Container Terminal, Onne. “As I express delight that trade facilitation is getting traction in Onne Port, I cannot help but call your attention to a grave concern. This has to do with the repeated incidents of national security breaches unfolding in Onne Port. I appreciate your presence, as we all have a shared responsibility in safeguarding our national security. As we are all aware, the policy thrust of Mr President supports the re-energising of our business environment to drive faster import clearance and grow our capacity for exports, Our emphasis has been to promote initiatives that speak to Trade facilitation and economic development. “It is a matter of regret that criminal elements in the international supply chain are exploiting our pro-trade stance to commit atrocities bordering on national security breaches”.
“The attempts to test our will through the importation of dangerous cargo through this port has necessitated the declaration of a state of emergency in Onne Port, coming on the heels of a seizure of a huge cache of arms a couple of months ago. It is disheartening that perpetrators have not backed down on their illegal acts. Recent intelligence and seizures have revealed a disturbing trend; Onne Port is increasingly being used as a destination for dangerous and illicit cargo. The scale and nature of these illegal importations pose a significant threat to our national security and the health of our citizens. Today, we are here to showcase yet another series of significant seizures made by the diligent officers of the Area 2 Command. On display are twelve containers of illicit goods intercepted through a combination of intelligence gathering, inter-agency collaboration, and meticulous physical examination. Seizures on Display include: Three (3) x 40-feet containers: Containing 562,600 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine and 3,150 pieces of chilly cutters, with a Paid Duty Value (DPV) of N4,716,573,846.
“Others are, three x 40-feet containers containing 380,000 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine, 24,480,000 tablets of Royal Tramadol Hydrochloride, 5,350,000 tablets of Tapentadol and Carisoprodol, and other items, with a DPV of N17,432,506,000 were seized”.
According to the report, more seized items were, “Five (5) x 40-feet containers; Containing 892,400 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine, 1,300,000 tablets of 50mg Really Extra Diclofenac, 7,250,000 tablets of 5mg Trodol Benzhexol, and other items, with a DPV of N8, 128,568,295,90. This very action of the Nigeria Customs Service, further complicated the hope of how soon the fight against drug trafficking could be brought to a halt owing to its high profile nature.
Another hair-raising report of the illicit drug deal has it that when NDLEA bursted a Snake-Guarded Shrine Used For Storing Illicit Drugs sometime ago in Edo State. This very news report was published in The Tide Newspaper on June 24, 2024. According to the report, NDLEA said its operatives uncovered a shrine, guarded by a snake, being used for storing illicit drugs, during an operation in Edo State. The Agency in a statement by its spokesperson, Femi Babafemi, added that its operatives discovered a specially constructed large hole in a wall, hidden behind wallpapers and fetish objects used for drug storage. It further noted that methamphetamine, Loud, Colorado and Arizona, all strong strains of cannabis with a total weight of 8.743kg among others, were recovered from the shrine.
To be cont’d
King Onunwor
The persistent clash between farmers and herders in Nigeria has been a longstanding issue. These conflicts, often, over resources like land and water, have led to loss of lives, destruction of property, displacement of large numbers of people, deep-seated mistrust between communities and insecurity. Herders, traditionally nomadic, move their livestock in search of grazing land and water. Farmers, on the other hand, require the same resources for their crops. This competition often leads to clashes, especially in areas where land is becoming increasingly scarce due to population growth, climate change, and environmental degradation. As these clashes intensify, there has been a growing call for sustainable solutions. Two weeks ago, President Bola Tinubu took a bold step towards tackling the issue by inaugurating the Presidential Committee on Implementation of Livestock Reforms and creating the Ministry of Livestock Development.
The committee which has the president as the chairman and the former Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Professor Attahiru Jega as the deputy chairman has the mandate to address obstacles to agricultural productivity and open up new opportunities which benefit farmers, herders, processors, and distributors in the livestock-farming value chain as well as propose recommendations aimed at fostering a peaceful co-existence between herders and farmers, ensuring the security and economic well-being of Nigerians.The establishment of the Ministry of Livestock Development was part of the recommendations of the National Livestock Reforms Committee. Part of the 21 recommendations submitted to the president include: “This agenda should include the establishment and resuscitation of grazing reserves as suggested by many experts and well-meaning Nigerians and other methods of land utilisation.
“Create the Ministry of Livestock Resources in line with practice in many other West African countries. In the alternative, Federal and State Governments should expand the scope of existing Departments of Livestock Production to address the broader needs of the industry,” among others. Experts in the agricultural sector have posited that the livestock industry can create millions of jobs directly in farming, processing, and distribution, and indirectly in related sectors like feed production, veterinary services, and marketing. It provides livelihoods for rural populations, helping to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life in rural areas. It also increases the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign exchange earnings through the exports of livestock and livestock products such as meat, dairy, wool and leather.
According to them, a well-funded livestock industry supports the growth of agro-processing sectors, such as meat packing, dairy processing, and leather manufacturing, adds value to raw products and creates additional economic activity as well as stimulates the development of supply chains, including logistics, packaging, and retail, contributing to broader economic growth. It enhances economic resilience by diversifying the agricultural sector and providing a buffer against crop failures or other agricultural shocks and many more. Some other agriculturists have also opined that the livestock industry in Nigeria is currently underdeveloped and that by the creation of the ministry of livestock development will open up the industry which will be a huge money spinner for Nigeria.
Reports have shown that a Livestock Ministry can play a pivotal role in mitigating conflicts between farmers and herders by implementing policies and programmes aimed at fostering coexistence and sustainable resource management. The Ministry can work towards clearly demarcating grazing routes and farming areas. This would reduce instances of trespassing and accidental crop destruction, a common flashpoint for conflict. While introducing rotational grazing systems can ensure that land is used sustainably, preventing overgrazing and land degradation, establishing water points and boreholes specifically for livestock can reduce competition for water resources. Similarly, promoting the development of pasturelands through reseeding and controlled burns can improve grazing conditions.
According to a veterinary doctor, Dr Andrew Obadiah, by providing training for herders on sustainable livestock practices and for farmers on conflict resolution, both parties can understand the importance of coexistence. He said that extension services of the ministry can offer advice on improving livestock health and productivity, reducing the need for large herds and extensive grazing. “Setting up local committees involving both farmers and herders to mediate disputes can provide a platform for dialogue and peaceful resolution. Encouraging community-based conflict early warning systems can help prevent clashes before they escalate”, he emphasised.For Mrs. Stella Ugwu, a farmer, having a ministry dedicated to the development of the livestock industry can help in diversifying income sources for both farmers and herders and in turn reduce dependence on land.
”For instance, promoting agro-pastoralism can provide farmers with livestock and herders with agricultural produce”, she explained, adding that providing incentives for adopting sustainable practices, such as subsidies for fodder production or crop insurance, can ease economic pressures. Ugwu was however of the opinion that the creation of a new ministry to handle livestock affairs was uncalled for, since the job can effectively be done by the Technical and Service Department of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and food security and its equivalent on the states level.In some countries, the establishment of a Livestock Ministry or similar bodies has shown promising results. For example, Ethiopia’s Ministry of Agriculture includes a dedicated department for livestock which has successfully implemented programmes to improve pastoral livelihoods and reduce conflicts.
In Kenya, the establishment of the National Drought Management Authority has helped manage resources better, thus reducing clashes between herders and farmers during dry seasons.The president of Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (MACBAN), Othman Ngelzarma, sees the Ministry of Livestock Development achieving the same feat for Nigeria in the near future. He told newsmen that, “MACBAN expresses its deepest appreciation to the Federal Government for creating a ministry of livestock to unlock the trillion-naira livestock economy and create qualitative and productive jobs across the value chain to improve the Nigerian economy. With this development, MACBAN believes the hope of the Nigerian pastoralists is now achieved under the Renewed Hope Agenda.
However, the Middle Belt Forum took a different view of the proposed Ministry of Livestock Development, saying it was not enough to sustainably resolve the decades-long farmers-herders crisis in the country. According to the National President of the association, Mr. Bitrus Pogu, what is needed to end the perennial farmers/herders clashes is a deliberate action by regulatory bodies and the government to stop criminal elements from carrying out deadly attacks on innocent Nigerians, mainly farmers. Hear him: “If the reason for creating the Ministry is to stop clashes, I think it is wrong because all of these attacks and killings that are happening have nothing to do with conflicts between farmers and herders. “Farmers have never connived at any given time to go and attack herders, but rather, criminals who happen to be Fulani gang up and attack farmers, kill, maim and chase them out of their ancestral homes.
“Then, the Fulani will come and occupy them. So, it is more about invasion, criminality, and terrorism. And the majority of those they hire to do these evils are not even those who have cattle. So, a deliberate action has to be taken by the government against the perpetrators, which will address the criminality.” Mr. Pogu suggested that the government should adopt ranching for productivity and enduring peace between the pastoralists and farmers in particular and the entire country in general.While the establishment of a Livestock Ministry presents a viable solution, it is not without challenges. Funding constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and corruption can hamper its effectiveness. Additionally, deeply ingrained cultural practices and mistrust between farmers and herders can be difficult to overcome.
Critics argue that without a holistic approach that includes land reform, climate change adaptation, and broader economic development, a Livestock Ministry alone may not be sufficient. Therefore, it must work in tandem with other governmental and non-governmental bodies to ensure comprehensive solutions. “A dedicated Livestock Ministry, with its focus on sustainable resource management, conflict resolution, and economic incentives, offers a promising avenue to address the root causes of these clashes. However, its success depends on effective implementation, adequate funding, and the cooperation of all stakeholders involved. With the right strategies and commitment, devoid of any political or selfish interest, it can play a crucial role in fostering peace and prosperity in affected regions”, they advised.
Calista Ezeaku