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Nemare As A Leadership Idiom

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History has been described as a mirror providing opportunity capable of making humans learn from the past. Among various sources of human civilisation and up building, ancient Egypt certainly counts as a vital building block, whose history cannot be ignored. Records of past human activities in every sphere of life, as well as inquiries into the causes of events and patterns of human organisations and ideas, are parts of what comprise history. Validity of records and accounts of history depend largely on the accuracy, objectivity and reliable impartiality involved in the search for the forces that impelled humanity towards its great undertakings, and the reasons for their successes and failures.
To say that there is nothing new on earth, is suggestive of the fact that historical events tend to repeat themselves, largely because of human recalcitrance and inability to learn from the past and then change for the better. This is why it is said that those who are unable to learn the lessons which history provides, especially with regard to human follies, are bound to repeat such follies. With reference to Nigeria, it can be said that human leadership follies reveal themselves with disturbingly deafening eloquence.
From a unique past record of ancient Egypt there is the following: “Yet what happened before was repeated: wealth, power and knowledge made men proud”. As one of the earliest zones on earth where intellectual culture was nursed and established, rulers of ancient Egypt allowed themselves to be corrupted by the intellectual culture, whereby the priests and political elite became the means of decline. Thus, behind everything the priests said were calculations, egoism and lust for power. Voice of priests became voice of the gods.
Leadership and the class of political elite, in collaboration with high priests of the nation, placed the masses in the position of producers and suppliers of every need so that the court might live in affluence. The people were not entitled to what they laboured to produce or to what was good and beautiful; rather, they were made to be content with the crumbs or palliatives given them as daily bread. Beautiful young girls would become dancers and entertainers in the palace and temples for the joy of the elite. Boundless misery prevailed in the vast rural communities, where bandits made life more miserable for the people.
The intellectual culture bred and established in ancient Egypt, arose from the promptings of a ruthless master: Re, who, installed as the god of the nation, subjugated the leaders, including the Pharaoh, to his control. Priests of various temples became the voice or spokespersons of Re as the god of Egypt, and no decision would be made or any activity undertaken without consultation with and an approval by Re. Thus, it turned out that Re was a deception perpetrated by the priests as a cult, holding everybody in bondage. Moreover, Re. In ancient Egyptian language, meant Lucifer, not Sun.
Sadly, it was the class of high priests and political leaders who perpetuated the cult of mass deception in Old Egypt, such that whoever endangered its continuity was eliminated by the intelligence and security arms of the establishment. The rule of deception and terror, in which even an uncompromising Pharaoh would be assassinated, continued until Amenemhet III, who took on the name Nemare, became Pharaoh. He chose the name Nemare as meaning: “Away from Re”! Those opposed to efforts to break away from the old cult of intellectual enslavement were the high priests and the parasitic political elite. Nemare was seen as a saboteur.
Nemare’s short reign as Pharaoh of ancient Egypt marked the beginning of the end of an era of leadership by a cult of magicians and cabal, under the name of high priests and kingmakers. Amenemhet III, as Nemare, vowed that he would not be one of the victims of Re’s leadership, as god of Egypt and consequently renounced the cult. He said: “I want to liberate the country from Re as soon as I found a Better One … It is a thousand times better to start afresh than to owe Re anything”! With the question: “What is the goal of all life here on earth?, Nemare continued his quest to find God, in which process he was murdered by a high priest.
In his determination to end a rulership regime characterised by deception, exploitation of the masses through forced labour and parasitism of the ruling class, Nemare sought to free himself from the clutches of those who ganged up to exploit the unsuspecting masses. In his quest for such liberation, the following message was conveyed to him in a vision: “He who receives Light and Power from Above can also find his way through the confusion of human life and all temptations; for him death signifies not destruction, but ascent into a realm where there will be still more Light and Power…”
While the history of ancient Egypt, with pre-occupation with building of great pyramids and the struggle of Nemare to free himself from inner bondage, may be by gone events, they serve as idioms for modern leadership of nations. The greatness of ancient Egypt declined because of some definite human follies, including deceit and injustice in governance. Luciferian principle was installed as a religious cult under the name of Re as a god. Those who opposed the cult or knew its secrets were killed in cold blood and the masses held hostage, exploited and abused. Wealth, power and knowledge promoted vanity and oppression.
The principle of national sovereignty caused ancient Egypt to close its borders to outside influences and ideas, and yet enslaved and used foreigners for cheap labour. A foreign visiting prince told an Egyptian ruler that: The Will of God manifests as three laws, namely: sowing and reaping; attraction and repulsion, and rising and sinking; all of them powered by an eternal, rhythmic motion. A Pharaoh of Egypt laughed over that vital idea, but chose to entertain the visitor with Egyptian dancing girls and magicians.
With the military coup in Niger, Nigeria’s neighbour, there have been various ideas, suggestions and threats, many of which are self-serving and concerned with elite interests, with the masses as not important. The concept of popular sovereignty, or the masses being the hub and determinants of power, is given lip services, with internal and external money-bags and their interests deciding the fate of the masses. In Nigeria itself, over 80 per cent of the masses are gnashing their teeth, out of hunger, poverty and hopelessness, yet, the mantra of palliatives tends to cater for vested interests mainly, perhaps unwittingly.
Nemare as a leadership idiom is suggestive of the fact that it takes one radical upstart in the leadership camp, to change the status-quo. Effective revolutionary movements rarely start from the bottom because intelligence and coercive arms of the establishment would pick out, contain and eliminate the plotters. Secondly money-bags and spying groups can easily infilterate and take over any revolutionary movement originating from the poor masses. It is usually the leadership elite who have the capacity to pull down their own structure as Amenemhet III or Nemare did in ancient Egypt.

By: Bright Amirize

Dr Amirize is a retired lecturer from the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt.

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Opinion

Addressing Nigeria’s Social Ills Through Cultural Education

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One of the critical problems confronting Nigeria today is the lack of recognition and appreciation of our tangible heritage, values, and norms – elements that are crucial for fostering social cohesion and responsibility. These values, which are inherently adaptive, can only be transmitted effectively through cultural education.Nigerian food Cultural education involves socialising individuals into the norms, values, and heritage of a given society through mediums such as folktales. Its primary intent is to nurture socially responsible and morally upright individuals who contribute positively to their community. In essence, cultural education is a learned behavioral pattern shared and transmitted from one generation to another. It encompasses customs, traditions, beliefs, arts, and philosophies of life. As Babs Fafunwa (1994) observed, every society, regardless of its size, has its unique ways of transmitting its cultural heritage.
Cultural education plays a vital role in shaping a child’s character and physical skills. Cultural education also has unique ways of instilling respect for elders and authority in the child. In addition, cultural education helps in developing intellectual abilities, fostering a sense of belonging, and promoting active participation in family and community affairs. This concept also cultivates a healthy attitude towards honest labour while it also helps to preserve the community’s cultural heritage. However, since Nigeria’s independence in 1960, the infiltration of foreign cultures, technological advancements, religious beliefs, and political systems have significantly helped in the erosion of the country’s social fabric. Today, Nigeria grapples with the loss of cultural values in more ways than one. The country also grapples with moral laxity among youths, violence, delinquent behaviours as well as the disruption of traditional political systems.
Beyond these, lack of cultural education has also triggered a decline in political will among the country’s citizenry. Thus, social issues such as sex abuse, prostitution, drug trafficking, kidnapping for ransom, internet fraud (which are more commonly known as 419); cybercrime, militancy, armed robbery, and examination malpractice have become rampant. However, these challenges can be mitigated through the promotion and sustenance of cultural education in Nigeria. Bringing cultural education forward in the country’s socio-political and economic systems would go a long way in redirecting the citizenry from the identified social ills. For instance, cultural socialization teaches children the proper ways to greet elders and interact respectfully. Observing parents during ceremonies are also a way to achieving this. Ceremonies such as weddings, child-naming, or funerals help children learn appropriate behaviour at such and sundry ceremonies, and decorum. Unfortunately, many youths today lack respect for elders and are antagonistic to cultural values. Instead, they are influenced by foreign films, contents and literature which often glorify disrespect to our culture; violence and weapon use. As a result, some have become political thugs, religious extremists or armed robbers. They now pose a severe threat to Nigeria’s national survival.
Furthermore, exposure to undesirable foreign cultures has led to extensive moral degradation which manifest in ways such as drug abuse, prostitution, theft, and internet fraud. Dressing among Nigerian youths is another concern. Many young people disregard their cultural heritage and show utmost disdain for their geographical environment. For example, some young women wear clothing that leaves vital parts of their bodies exposed, while young men adopt unkempt appearances, including sagging their trousers and leaving their shirts unbuttoned. There are also instances of unfastened shoelaces. These issues can be addressed through family-based cultural socialisation, where parents play a critical role in imparting cultural education. It is therefore recommended that, to address these social ills, the following measures are suggested. The first is that there should be ways to incorporate cultural education into the curriculum of our schools. Nigeria’s education system should be reviewed to emphasise cultural education, including the use of indigenous languages for instruction. Cultural elements such as morality, taboos, mores, and folktales should be promoted to shape human behaviour positively.
Another suggestion is that we should indigenise the Nigerian political systems. The political system should incorporate cultural principles and practices specific to Nigeria’s diverse cultural environments. This will encourage greater participation and accountability among political leaders. Thirdly, we must promote local content in media. A ban should be placed on the excessive use of foreign entertainment packages in media houses and on social media. Instead, Nigerian cultural content should be prioritised and promoted to reinforce cultural identity. Also, we must strengthen parental socialisation. Through this, families must embrace parental socialisation as a key method for imparting cultural education. Parents should model cultural values and behaviours to guide their children effectively. Cultural education is very essential for curbing social ills in Nigeria. By integrating it into our education system, political practices and media content, we can foster a society rooted in strong moral values and cultural heritage, thereby ensuring a strong and brighter future for generations to come.

Modupe is Chief Museum Education Officer, National Commission for Museums & Monuments, Osogbo, Osun State.

Veronica Adewole

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Opinion

Promoting Citizens’ Power In Democracy

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2027 is sealed for Mr. President. When I say 18 over 18, it means we are going to deliver our 18 local governments to Mr. President.”
Reading the above statement by the governor of Edo State, Mr. Monday Okpebholo, one wonders what the future holds for Nigeria’s democracy. In any true democracy, the power to elect leaders rests solely in the hands of the people. This principle is the foundation of democracy, ensuring that governance is based on the will of the majority rather than the rule of a single individual or a privileged few. Unfortunately, in Nigeria political elites and influential figures attempt to manipulate the electoral process, undermining the will of the citizens. We often hear governors and some other politicians talking tough, boasting of how they would sweep all votes in an election. This practice not only weakens democracy but also fosters corruption, inefficiency, and a disconnect between leadership and the people’s actual needs.
Such statements suggest a predetermined outcome of an election rather than a free and fair electoral process. And in a democratic society such as our, this has several implications. Firstly, there is a threat to free and fair elections. Democracy thrives on competitive, transparent, and credible elections where citizens freely choose their leaders. The claim that all votes will go to one candidate suggests electoral manipulation, coercion, or suppression of opposition. Secondly, it portrays a disregard for voter choice. It is said that in a democracy, the electorates are the kings because they are supposed to have the power to determine who sits on any political seat. But when a governor claims that the votes to be cast in his state in the next two years are already meant for a particular candidate, it suggests that the election result is already determined, it makes voters feel powerless and discouraged to participate in politics.
Statements and actions like Okpobholo’s erode political pluralism. Democracy requires multiple parties competing fairly. Declaring total victory before an election dismisses the role of opposition parties and reduces political competition to a mere formality. The statement also raises concerns about potential election rigging, vote-buying, or manipulation of electoral institutions to favor one candidate, which damages public trust in the democratic system. If there are no plans to commit these electoral offences, how possible is it that all the numerous opposition parties, including the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) which just handed over power to the ruling party in Edo State will not win even a single local government area?
This idea of a government in power winning elections at all cost and making elections in Nigeria less competitive and predetermined outcomes is the reason institutions like the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), judiciary, and security agencies are seen as compromised.
This, no doubt, weakens our democracy. Another implication of Okpobholo’s rhetoric is that it can provoke political unrest, resistance from opposition parties, and loss of faith in democratic processes, leading to increased instability and potential conflicts. Nigeria is already soaked with too much political and economic tensions and cannot afford to have more due to the selfish interest of a few individuals. Another troubling trend is the growing influence of governors, party leaders, and other politicians in handpicking candidates for elections. Instead of allowing a free and fair process where citizens decide, these power brokers often impose their preferred candidates, who may not necessarily represent the interests of the people. Such interference leads to a leadership that is accountable not to the electorate but to the few individuals who orchestrated their rise to power.
Have we not seen enough of this in display where elected lawmakers both on the federal and state levels would choose to do the biddings of their masters in the executive arm of government over the interest of Nigerians who elected them? Former President, Olusegun Obasanjo while speaking on the failure of democracy in Africa recently aptly defined what we currently have in Nigeria thus, “Today we have democracy which is government of the people, of a small number of people, by a small number of people over a large number of people who are deprived of what they need to have in life.” Some people have come heavily on the former president and the former governor of Anambra State, Peter Obi who shared the same sentiment for daring to criticize the present-day practice of democracy in Nigeria when in their days in offices some of their actions accountable and effective leadership.
Additionally, the legal framework governing elections should be strengthened to ensure transparency. INEC and the states’ electoral umpire free from political interference, must oversee the entire process, guaranteeing that every vote counts and that the people’s choices are respected. Political parties should also be mandated to conduct primaries that genuinely reflect the will of their members, rather than serving as a mere formality for predetermined outcomes.Our elected leaders across board should be advised to face governance and deliver the dividends of democracy to Nigerians who put them in office instead of politicking all the time. It is about two years to the next general elections and the major preoccupation of the leaders seems to be plans and scheming of how to come back in office in 2027 instead of dealing with economic, insecurity, unemployment and other challenges facing the country. How can Nigeria move forward like that?

Calista Ezeaku

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Opinion

 Making Wise Decisions Amid Pressure

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Look before you leap”, is one of the wise sayings that over the years I have been emotionally attached to. It means so much to me because the debilitating consequences of unguided actions are better imagined than experienced. “Look before you Leap” teaches me to  be thoughtful,  articulate, discreet dispassionate and solicit for advice of the experienced and reasonable people where necessary. I have seen people  reveal their stark ignorance because they took decisions rashly and without  considering the implications of their actions or inactions, only to say, “had I known” which is an euphemism for failure. It has therefore, become  necessary to “look before you leap”. Rehoboam, son of Bible’s King Solomon lost 10 of a 12-tribe kingdom of lsrael to Jeroboam. The negative consequences of lack of conscientious and enlightened  guide before taking action has landed many to avoidable regrets.
Thoughtless actions happen every day and they are evidenced in the unpleasant outcomes of such decision. In 2024, a Federal High Court, Abuja sacked 20 Cross River State House of Assembly members which serves as an object lesson for thoughtless Lawmakers’ and elected representatives who want to defect from the party on whose platform they were elected to a preferred political party, whether the choice was based on sound judgement, ignorance or pecuniary gains. The Electoral Act is unambiguous and crystal clear so does not make judicial interpretation necessary, on the ground for an elected representative to leave his or her political party for a preferred one either by inducement, anticipated pecuniary benefits or blind loyalty.And the sublime reason must be premised on irreconcilable crisis in the  political party of  those elected who want to decamp or cross-carpet
Recall that on Monday  March 18, 2024 a Federal High Court in Abuja  sacked 20 members of the Cross River State House of Assembly. The Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) had instituted a suit against the lawmakers over their defection to the All Progressives Congress (APC). Ruling on the case marked “FHC/ABJ/CS/975/2021 , Taiwo Taiwo, the presiding judge, held that the lawmakers should vacate their seats, having abandoned the political party that sponsored them to power. The affected lawmakers are: Michael Etaba, Legor Idagbor, Eteng Jonah William, Joseph A. Bassey, Odey Peter Agbe, Okon E. Ephraim, Regina L. Anyogo, Matthew S. Olory, Ekpo Ekpo Bassey, Ogbor Ogbor Udop and Ekpe Charles Okon.Others are Hillary Ekpang Bisong, Francis B. Asuquo, Elvert Ayambem, Davis Etta, Sunday U. Achunekan, Cynthia Nkasi, Edward Ajang, Chris Nja-Mbu Ogar and Maria Akwaji.
The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Speaker of the House of Representatives, National Assembly, Clerk of the National Assembly, Cross River State House of Assembly, Clerk of the Cross River State House of Assembly and the All Progressives Congress, were also joined as defendants in the suit. Though, in their defence, the lawmakers argued that there was rancour in the Peoples Democratic Party  (PDP),which led to their expulsion from the party,  the judge held that the defendants had intentions to mislead the court. He said he found gaps and loopholes in their defence as they tried to twist events to suit their own narratives.”They wined and dined under the umbrella of the plaintiff who also gave them shelter,” he said Taiwo noted that they not only defected loudly, “they took pictures of their defection and were received by the officials of the 26th defendant”.
“There is no doubt that the defendants can belong to or join any political association and assembly as they are free to do so,” he ruled. “I consider the attempts of the 6th – 25th defendants to justify their defection feeble in the circumstances of this case.” Taiwo said the public voted for the lawmakers through the plaintiff who sponsored them and they were not elected as independent candidates.”They had a vehicle which conveyed them and that vehicle belongs to the plaintiff. They cannot abandon the vehicle,” he held. Justice Taiwo’s judgment and several other judgments on thoughtless defections should have been a basis, landmark and precedent to determine whether the 27 Rivers State House of Assembly members elected on the platform of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), have the locus to publicly decamp to the All  Progressives Congress (APC) and still retain their seats in the House as elected and honourable  members of the House as declared by the Supreme Court in its Judgment on consolidated suits on the political crisis in Rivers State.
The judgment of the “learned” justices of the Supreme Court on the 27 defectors is a bitter pill to swallow. It is however, not a surprise because the aroma of the fart tells the substance of the poo. The wise man learns from the experiences of others and  history. History repeats itself because people have refused to come to understanding. They are close-ended in learning. The essence of history is to avoid a reinvent of the negative past, use the ugly past to reconstruct the future. Legislators are elected to represent constituency consisting of people of all walks of life. They should rather strive to serve the people, solicit the consent of popular opinions on critical issues rather than serving their selfish interests. Those elected should see themselves as stewards and as stewards they are accountable to the people and God, not their political godfather.
It is high time our political leaders knew that the legitimacy of their positions is derived from the magnanimity of the people. They should therefore not take decisions without taking into cognisance the interest of the people they are representing,  through intentional consultation.

By: Igbiki Benibo

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