Opinion
The Nigerian Rail-Line Dichotomy
After wasting US$427 million in a refurbishment that failed to revive the tracks, let alone modernise them, the Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC) is bent on reconstruction using the same narrow gauge design, even with questionable safety standards
The Nigerian railway system is as old as modern civilisation in this part of the globe, but it has failed to unit the nation into a prosperous commercial entity, but appears rather to have partitioned the country along north-to-south ridges of estranged rail zones. For the exception of the rail linkage between Kafanchan and Kaduna in the north, which knots the western tracks with the eastern side, the rail dichotomy between Nigeria’s east and west appears deliberate to create unequal economically advantaged zones. In all the challenges bedevilling the rail transportation system in Nigeria, the western rail corridor, which runs from Lagos to Kano, has received unequal attension, making it the most functional, while the rail line from Port Harcourt to Maiduguri lies mostly neglected, abandoned or second-class. Moreso, notwithstanding the high tonnage of goods and human traffick across the southern belt of Nigeria, it beats reasoning why there is no rail connection from, say, Calabar to Lagos, considering that this region hosts the highest number of economic activities as well as being the link to the various sea ports in Nigeria.
A survey of Nigeria’s rail lines shows that our rail lines are mostly of colonial British Cape gauge of which there is a total of 3,505 km national railway network, in additon to 669 km of modern standard gauge lines. First constructed in Nigeria by the British colonial government in March 1896, the rail lines started from the Lagos Colony to Ibadan. The Lagos rail station was connected with Minna in 1911, to meet the Baro–Kano Railway Station built by the then government of Northern Nigeria. The rail lines were later amalgamated in 1912 as Government Department of Railways, which later became the Nigerian Railway Corporation.The Port Harcourt-Enugu rail line was built by the Eastern Nigeria government from 1913 to 1916 due to the discovery of coal at Udi. The Eastern rail line was later extended to Kafanchan, crossed the Lagos-Kano line to Kaduna in 1927, then continued from Kafanchan to Nguru in 1930 and reached its Maiduguri terminus in 1964.
Nigeria’s first standard gauge rail line, the Warri–Itakpe Railway, initiated in 1987, was to convey iron ore from Itakpe to the Ajaokuta Steel Mill, while enabling the transportation of imported coal from Warri sea port to Ajaokuta. It was completed in 2020 after years of construction delays.The rail transportation infrastructure in Nigeria has suffered setbacks fundamentally due to its design layout, followed by mismanagement, a poor maintenance culture that almost amounted to abandonment, and is set for further setbacks due to the absence of design uniformity in the current modernisation efforts. As if these were not enough, it is currently entangled in a survival struggle with vandalism in various parts of the country.To start with, in its operational hay days, rail link for port cities of Lagos, Warri and Port Harcourt was only possible via the Kafanchan-Kaduna linkage in far away north, a situation that made haulage by rail across the Nigerian southern corridor uneconomical and time wasting.
After years of infrastructure decay and near abandonment, when Nigeria appears to have awoken to rebuild its vital means of commerce, it began so in line with previous mistakes. The old Cape gauge lines, popularly called narrow gauge lines are out-dated, colonial 1,067mm-wide tracks, that run equally out-dated 1,067mm-wide rail cars, while the standard gauge rails are modern 1435mm-wide tracks that run 1435mm-wide rail cars, offering greater speed, stability, and payload. Rail cars for the standard gauge can not run on the narrow guage, and vise versa, meaning that where goods are to be transported between these rail guages, loads would have to be manually transferred between narrow and wide rail cars.Efficiency in modern rail lines around the world is achieved based on uniform network of rail tracks using the standard guage installed two-ways to enable greater round-trips and for seamless connectivities. Nigeria wasted US$427 million in 2009 to refurbish the Port Harcourt – Maiduguri line with same old narrow guage, which has since broken down.
That huge sum should have been invested in the modern standard gauge, even if it covered a smaller portion, from where later investments could have extended the tracks.However, the Lagos-Kano line has been reconstructed to the modern standard guage, with modern train stations and clean, air-conditioned train coaches that feature overhead display screens, classified compartments, as well as window-side USB charging ports and power suckets. The 187 km Kaduna – Abuja segment, which opened officially on July 26, 2016, alone gulped US$870 million, while the Kano terminus, under the auspices of Portugal’s Mota-Engil SGPS SA, was extended ealier this year to Maradi, a large city in neighbouring Niger Republic. In taste of things yet to come, the 157 km Lagos-Ibadan railway was inaugurated on June 10, 2021 as the first two-way track in Nigeria.The story on the Port Harcourt – Maiduguri side remains unfortunate.
After wasting US$427 million in a refurbishment that failed to revive the tracks, let alone modernise them, the Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC) is bent on reconstruction using the same narrow gauge design, even with questionable safety standards. The ancient tracks were supported on steel plates, while in the current reconstruction, the tracks are now being laid on narrow, reinforced concrete slabs, which will not stand the vibrations and stress of rail operations, as compared with the ruggedity of steel support plates. And with the two-side drainages being constructed too close to the tracks in some areas, it’s possible the ground support base might give way under bulk loads, a situation that might lead to fatal accidents.One may now ask, “Why the different measure for the Port Harcourt – Maiduguri rail corridor?” Why should not the coal mines at Udi be linked by rail to Ajaokuta steel mill, instead of resorting to importation?
It becomes more worrisome considering that with the implementation of on-going reconstruction of the eastern rails, the NRC appears not to have any plans, even in the foreseeable future, of unifying the Nigerian rails into a homogeneous network. One also wonders why, the immediate past Transportation Minister, Rt Hon. Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi, who spearheaded the commendable modernisations on the Lagos-Kano tracks, as well as the completion of the Warri – Itakpe railway, was not given the opportunity of doing same on the Port Harcourt – Maiduguri flank, while his proposal for a much valuable East-West railway, along the southern belt, was rejected?
By: Joseph Nwankwor
Opinion
Wike VS Soldier’s Altercation: Matters Arising
The events that unfolded in Abuja on Tuesday November 11, 2025 between the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Chief Nyesom Wike and a detachment of soldiers guarding a disputed property, led by Adams Yerima, a commissioned Naval Officer, may go down as one of the defining images of Nigeria’s democratic contradictions. It was not merely a quarrel over land. It was a confrontation between civil authority and the military legacy that still hovers over our national life.
Nyesom Wike, fiery and fearless as always, was seen on video exchanging words with a uniformed officer who refused to grant him passage to inspect a parcel of land alleged to have been illegally acquired. The minister’s voice rose, his temper flared, and the soldier, too, stood his ground, insisting on his own authority. Around them, aides, security men, and bystanders watched, stunned, as two embodiments of the Nigerian state clashed in the open.
The images spread fast, igniting debates across drawing rooms, beer parlours, and social media platforms. Some hailed Wike for standing up to military arrogance; others scolded him for perceived disrespect to the armed forces. Yet beneath the noise lies a deeper question about what sort of society we are building and whether power in Nigeria truly understands the limits of its own reach.
It is tragic that, more than two decades into civil rule, the relationship between the civilian arm of government and the military remains fragile and poorly understood. The presence of soldiers in a land dispute between private individuals and the city administration is, by all civic standards, an aberration. It recalls a dark era when might was right, and uniforms conferred immunity against accountability.
Wike’s anger, even if fiery, was rooted in a legitimate concern: that no individual, however connected or retired, should deploy the military to protect personal interests. That sentiment echoes the fundamental democratic creed that the law is supreme, not personalities. If his passion overshot decorum, it was perhaps a reflection of a nation weary of impunity.
On the other hand, the soldier in question is a symbol of another truth: that discipline, respect for order, and duty to hierarchy are ingrained in our armed forces. He may have been caught between conflicting instructions one from his superiors, another from a civilian minister exercising his lawful authority. The confusion points not to personal failure but to institutional dysfunction.
It is, therefore, simplistic to turn the incident into a morality play of good versus evil.
*********”**** What happened was an institutional embarrassment. Both men represented facets of the same failing system a polity still learning how to reconcile authority with civility, law with loyalty, and service with restraint.
In fairness, Wike has shown himself as a man of uncommon courage. Whether in Rivers State or at the FCTA, he does not shy away from confrontation. Yet courage without composure often feeds misunderstanding. A public officer must always be the cooler head, even when provoked, because the power of example outweighs the satisfaction of winning an argument.
Conversely, soldiers, too, must be reminded that their uniforms do not place them above civilian oversight. The military exists to defend the nation, not to enforce property claims or intimidate lawful authorities. Their participation in purely civil matters corrodes the image of the institution and erodes public trust.
One cannot overlook the irony: in a country where kidnappers roam highways and bandits sack villages, armed men are posted to guard contested land in the capital. It reflects misplaced priorities and distorted values. The Nigerian soldier, trained to defend sovereignty, should not be drawn into private or bureaucratic tussles.
Sycophancy remains the greatest ailment of our political culture. Many of those who now cheer one side or the other do so not out of conviction but out of convenience. Tomorrow they will switch allegiance. True patriotism lies not in defending personalities but in defending principles. A people enslaved by flattery cannot nurture a culture of justice.
The Nigerian elite must learn to submit to the same laws that govern the poor. When big men fence off public land and use connections to shield their interests, they mock the very constitution they swore to uphold. The FCT, as the mirror of national order, must not become a jungle where only the powerful can build.
The lesson for Wike himself is also clear: power is best exercised with calmness. The weight of his office demands more than bravery; it demands statesmanship. To lead is not merely to command, but to persuade — even those who resist your authority.
Equally, the lesson for the armed forces is that professionalism shines brightest in restraint. Obedience to illegal orders is not loyalty; it is complicity. The soldier who stands on the side of justice protects both his honour and the dignity of his uniform.
The Presidency, too, must see this episode as a wake-up call to clarify institutional boundaries. If soldiers can be drawn into civil enforcement without authorization, then our democracy remains at risk of subtle militarization. The constitution must speak louder than confusion.
The Nigerian public deserves better than spectacles of ego. We crave leaders who rise above emotion and officers who respect civilian supremacy. Our children must not inherit a nation where authority means shouting matches and intimidation in public glare.
Every democracy matures through such tests. What matters is whether we learn the right lessons. The British once had generals who defied parliament; the Americans once fought over states’ rights; Nigeria, too, must pass through her own growing pains but with humility, not hubris.
If the confrontation has stirred discomfort, then perhaps it has done the nation some good. It forces a conversation long overdue: Who truly owns the state — the citizen or the powerful? Can we build a Nigeria where institutions, not individuals, define our destiny?
As the dust settles, both the FCTA and the military hierarchy must conduct impartial investigations. The truth must be established — not to shame anyone, but to restore order. Where laws were broken, consequences must follow. Where misunderstandings occurred, apologies must be offered.
Let the rule of law triumph over the rule of impulse. Let civility triumph over confrontation. Let governance return to the path of dialogue and procedure.
Nigeria cannot continue to oscillate between civilian bravado and military arrogance. Both impulses spring from the same insecurity — the fear of losing control. True leadership lies in the ability to trust institutions to do their work without coercion.
Those who witnessed the clash saw a drama of two gladiators. One in starched khaki, one in well-cut suit. Both proud, both unyielding. But a nation cannot be built on stubbornness; it must be built on understanding. Power, when it meets power, should produce order, not chaos.
We must resist the temptation to glorify temper. Governance is not warfare; it is stewardship. The citizen watches, the world observes, and history records. How we handle moments like this will define our collective maturity.
The confrontation may have ended without violence, but it left deep questions in the national conscience. When men of authority quarrel in the open, institutions tremble. The people, once again, become spectators in a theatre of misplaced pride.
It is time for all who hold office — civilian or military — to remember that they serve under the same flag. That flag is neither khaki nor political colour; it is green-white-green, and it demands humility.
No victor, no vanquish only a lesson for a nation still learning to govern itself with dignity.
By; King Onunwor
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