In an effort to consolidate the fiscal framework and strengthen Kenya’s economy, President William Ruto introduced a controversial bill laden with punitive taxes. This bill targets essential commodities, inflating the cost of living through increased fuel prices, imposing additional duties on exports, and controversially taxing sanitary pads, a move that is antithetical to gender equity. This legislative measure, intended as an economic panacea, instead thrusts the dagger deeper into the vitals of an economy already reeling from decadent living standards and systemic inequality.
The incremental taxes included in the bill are in line with Keynesian economic principles, where government intervention is required to regulate economic activity. However, such intervention is intended to be facilitative, not oppressive. In the case of Kenya, the controversial taxes would have reverberated through the socioeconomic strata, exacerbating unemployment, increasing inflation, and squeezing the already meagre incomes of the working class.
In the face of these oppressive measures, the streets have become a place where Kenyans are strongly protesting against the oppressive actions of the government. The youth, who represent the future of the country, are passionately exercising their democratic right to protest against the injustice they face. This is not just a reaction to economic troubles, but a powerful statement of their fundamental right to live with dignity and free from poverty.
Following weeks of peaceful demonstrations against the proposed legislation, protesters rampaged through the parliament in Nairobi. Subsequently, Ruto authorised the deployment of both police and military forces to suppress the unrest. Regrettably, it has been reported that 13 protesters were killed and many others injured by the police. Such excessive force against civilians is completely unjustifiable. Rather than engaging in finger-pointing, the security officials responsible should face appropriate sanctions.
In 2022, the Ruto’s administration emerged victorious in the general elections in Kenya, coming into power with a commitment to enhance the living standards of the underprivileged and improve the overall conditions of millions of citizens. Notwithstanding the initial promises made during the election campaigns, the government faced the stark challenges of limited financial resources, considerable debts, and the consequent inability to promptly execute its promised agenda.
Undoubtedly, the sombre economic conditions compelled the government to implement the financial bill last year, introducing a housing tax and elevating the top personal income tax rate. This action incited dissatisfaction among substantial portions of the population, leading to public displays of outrage, street demonstrations, and in some cases, legal challenges against the government’s policies.
This bill that caused a lot of public demonstrations and unrest may suggest that Kenya’s political system is not properly representing and including all groups in society. This also raises questions about the role of parliament in making sure proposed laws are thoroughly discussed and debated, to prevent protests from turning violent. However, attacking the seat of legislative power does not help the cause of protestations. Instead, it undermines the very structures that allow people to participate in the political process and seek change.
Despite the withdrawal of the bill by Ruto and his accusation towards security forces for inaccurate intelligence, the protests have continued without pause. This situation highlights the lack of genuine democratic principles in Africa. The crisis is primarily related to the economy, as the government, with a GDP of $113.4 billion and a population of 54.03 million, has acknowledged being in debt and facing financial constraints. To address its $78 billion debt, the government contemplated raising taxes.
The government said the country would have a $31.1 billion budget deficit if it cancelled the planned tax increase. This is made worse by the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) recommendation that the country should expand the number of people and businesses that pay taxes; improve how well people and businesses pay their taxes and have a stricter financial policy to reduce the country’s debt problems. Similar to numerous African nations, Kenya is closely connected to the IMF.
Regrettably, many African leaders exhibit poor management of their nation’s economies, resulting in appalling hardships for the populace. The citizens are left to bear the consequences of their irresponsible handling of both domestic and international loans. It is necessary that African citizens exercise their voting power to remove ineffective and incompetent governments from office.
Nigeria has faced challenges due to past IMF advisories, like the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in the 1990s. The actions taken based on IMF recommendations, such as removal of petrol subsidy and floating of the naira, have harmed the economy and led to negative impacts like job losses and poverty. African leaders should give priority to implementing locally-developed policies to drive economic growth rather than relying on external financial agencies like the IMF and World Bank.
Regardless of President Ruto’s concession, some protesters still insist on continuing demonstrations until the government collapses. This would be unwise as it could lead to a disproportionate use of force, escalating tensions and potential fatalities. Protesters should avoid creating conditions for anti-democratic forces to disrupt the democratic system that allows citizens to peacefully demonstrate. In a democratic society, political change can be sought through the ballot box in the next elections.

In an exceptionally powerful show of resilience and unity, a significant number of women from Oginigba,
a community in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, protested in Port Harcourt to denounce the unlawful seizure of their ancestral land. The protesters, known as the ‘Oginigba Women’, carried placards and chanted slogans, demanding the immediate restoration of their land and an end to the rampant land grabbing that has plagued their community.
The women alleged that powerful individuals within the state had forcibly taken their land without compensation or consultation. They claimed that these individuals had used their influence and connections to intimidate and harass community members, leaving them powerless and dispossessed. The protesters demanded that the state government intervene and ensure that their rights as landowners were respected.
Blocking the entrance to Hypercity at Oginigba in Port Harcourt, the women raised an alarm about the long-standing problem of land grabbing in the state. They alleged that Hypercity notoriously acquired land from unsuspecting citizens, leaving many families homeless, without livelihoods, and access to basic necessities like water and healthcare. Politically powerful stakeholders were accused of enriching themselves and their cronies at the expense of vulnerable people.
The Oginigba women’s protest sparked widespread outrage and drew attention to the ongoing land disputes that have plagued Rivers State for years. The women’s unwavering determination and refusal to be silenced inspired others in the state to come forward and share their experiences of land grabbing. Their collective action highlighted the urgent need for land reforms and the protection of vulnerable communities from exploitation.
One notable incident occurred in the Nkpolu-Oroworukwo community, where residents alleged that their land near Rivers State University (RSU) had been unlawfully seized. Led by a rights advocate, the community staged a demonstration to demand the return of their property and the protection of their rights.
Similarly, in the Ikoku vehicle spare parts market on Olu Obasanjo Road in Port Harcourt, numerous traders were displaced to accommodate the construction of a Hypercity shopping mall. The affected traders voiced their outrage over the loss of their livelihoods and the absence of compensation or relocation assistance. Consequently, the incident led to a sudden scarcity of motor parts and a spike in prices.
An expansive piece of land located at the LNG roundabout along Eastern Bypass area was acquired by an individual who then turned it into a Hypercity enterprise. Furthermore, the civil servants’ quarters in the GRA Phase two area of Port Harcourt were also taken over by the same individual. Reports indicate that land in areas like Polocico in Egbeda, Itu, parts of Omudioga, and Akpabo has also been forcefully acquired by these influential individuals who often claim that the land is for state purposes, only to later transfer ownership to themselves or their associates.
It is indeed intriguing how private businesses often operate on government-owned land. The recent case of the closed abattoir in Oginigba, which was supposed to be repurposed for a government project but instead was acquired for private use, sheds light on a concerning trend. It is disheartening to see individuals exploiting the government’s name to secure land for personal gain. Such actions not only erode public trust but also deprive the state of valuable resources.
Governor Siminalayi Fubara must initiate a thorough investigation into the alleged improper acquisition of government property. It is imperative to determine if these assets were obtained through legal means. Justice must prevail for the people affected by these illegal actions. Of particular concern is the claim that many houses in the GRA areas have been sold to individuals with close ties to the immediate past government officials. The governor must address these allegations promptly to restore public trust and uphold the rule of law.
Land grabbers in Rivers State present a major concern, with over 52 lawsuits filed against the state government by individuals who seize land without consideration. This highlights the growing threat posed by these criminals who are gaining more power. It is alarming to see that even land legally owned and paid for by the government are being taken over by these grabbers. The use of uniformed men to intimidate and overpower victims further escalates the seriousness of the situation.
The committee established by the state government to reclaim state property wrongfully taken by the previous administration should expedite its actions. The authorities should provide financial support and grant it autonomy to work effectively. The appointed members should regularly update Rivers people on the progress made to improve accountability and transparency in the state’s governance. Additionally, we urge the committee to work diligently to recover all assets for the state’s benefit.
As protests against land grabbing escalate daily, state Police Commissioner, Olatunji Disu, must mobilise his officers against this growing menace. It is shameful and shocking that security operatives, especially the police, are providing protection for notorious land grabbers, some of whom are even within the government. This behaviour is damaging to the reputation of the police force. The Commissioner should not turn a blind eye to the actions of his officers in this matter. Disu must prosecute any officers found to be involved to restore dignity to the force.
There is a need for collective resistance to land grabbing in Rivers State. When necessary, appropriate and adequate compensation should be provided. Legal action should be utilised as a tool for advocacy to ensure that the rights of defenceless and impoverished people are not violated. Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) should assist in conducting thorough environmental audits of the areas being acquired.

Twenty five years of democracy in our country have unfortunately brought about a culture of insecurity due to various factors such as ethno-religious bigotry, power imbalances, institutional collapse, corruption, and economic decline. Despite the historic June 12, 1993 presidential election being hailed as the freest and fairest, the promises of hope and progress have not been fully realised. This raises the question of the necessity for Democracy Day and democracy in general.
Given the current challenging circumstances, Nigeria needs to build on its past successes and strive towards becoming a leading democratic nation. There is no time to waste, as the Human Development Index shows real room for improvement. The state of petroleum refining, which serves as the country’s main economic foundation, has declined rapidly and requires immediate action. Additionally, the unprecedented depreciation of the national currency must be addressed.
The escalation of corruption within the nation is a pressing issue that continues to worsen, especially with the blatant looting of state funds by politicians. The actions of various administrations have shown autocratic and draconian tendencies, often displaying a lack of accountability and respect for the rule of law. The authorities must address this growing problem and hold those responsible accountable for their actions.
Nepotism and cronyism have become widespread, with individuals using their influence to secure competitive political positions for their family members. This practice goes against democratic principles and undermines the merit-based system. Additionally, there has been a rise in industrial actions, such as strikes initiated by the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), which further disrupt the democratic process.
It is time for Nigerians to shift their focus from lamenting to taking action towards progress. Nigeria is a country rich in potential and resources, and it is unacceptable for us to continue to be held back by the current state of affairs. Rather than dwelling on past mistakes, we must come together to reflect on our challenges and take decisive steps towards rebuilding a better future.
Furthermore, it is essential to understand the importance of June 12 in relation to leadership and utilise these lessons to accomplish our goals. One key takeaway is the role of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in ensuring fair and unbiased elections. INEC must view this responsibility as both a duty to the nation and a moral imperative.
Another valuable takeaway is that politicians must view their political positions as a service to the nation rather than a means for their advancement. It is critical for political participation to be approached with ethical and moral principles at the forefront, as it holds essential societal value.
June 12 serves as a reminder of the vital role leadership plays in making tough decisions that may not always align with personal beliefs. It highlights the need for courage and the ability to prioritise the greater good over personal interests. This lesson is particularly relevant for Nigeria’s current government and its officials, who must engage with the public and make decisions that benefit the country.
The lessons of June 12 are a reminder for all Nigerians, especially lawmakers, who have the duty to protect democracy. Unfortunately, there has been a departure from the core principles of democracy in Nigeria, with disrespect for the rule of law and judicial processes, blatant impunity, and a disregard for human rights and dignity. We must reflect on these lessons and work towards upholding democracy and the values it stands for.
Political leaders and public service managers have to provide the necessary tools for our lawmakers to rejuvenate democratic practices. Legislators need to be intellectually, emotionally, psychologically, and physically prepared to succeed. They should demonstrate a strong understanding of democratic principles and values, a willingness to engage with constituents, and an openness to different perspectives to advance democracy.
We cannot overstate the importance of June 12, as it reveals the link between Nigeria’s present social, economic, and political challenges and the corrupt ruling class, as well as the indifferent middle class. As we commemorate Democracy Day today, we must empower ourselves to not only recognise but also utilise our power to decide and mold our future.
Nigerians should ensure that political aspirants go through genuine democratic processes to exercise their freedom. Citizens must be educated on their civic responsibility and mentor youths towards social engagement. The people should also hold local government administrators accountable for the purpose of implementing result-driven policies.
All must adopt an active role in government at all levels. Community leaders and young people can collaborate to organise peaceful protests, petitions, and marches when infrastructure is not up to par. Obtaining a voter card and participating in elections is required to prevent corrupt political figures from forcing unqualified candidates into office.
Civil society played a vital role in the struggle for rights during the military dictatorship, and their achievements should inspire us today. It is essential for the current generation to take up the mantle and strive for justice and equality. The media must act as a watchdog against tyranny and protect the public interest.
Youth are often the most let down group in society, and it is time to act. The #EndSARS protests demonstrated the determination, articulateness, and composure of young activists. Quitting is not an alternative – they must step up and take charge. They should draw inspiration from the courageous youth in South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, who continued their fight despite facing harsh repression from their governments.
There is a need for Nigerians to assert their rights and sovereignty through all legal means possible. Neglecting to do so will lead to a deterioration of the current situation and the eventual downfall of the state. We must uphold the ideals of June 12 as a representation of our democratic hopes and utilise it as a unifying factor for genuine national unity.