Features
Winning The War Against Malaria
The war against mosquitoes and by extension, malaria, rages on in most Nigerian homes. It is daily fought through the use of insecticides, mosquito nets and the clearing of surroundings.
Quite often, medical experts allude to the increasing resistance of the malaria parasite to some drugs available in the markets.
For expectant mothers and children especially, malaria is a perennial nightmare, just as it is a scare to the entire humanity.
It is salutary, however, that malaria is fast losing its grip on many communities in Nigeria, such as Lere Community in Kaduna State, courtesy of the Long-lasting Insecticide-treated Mosquito Nets (LLINs), fondly called the “magic” nets.
Malam Hassan, who lives in Lere community with his family of three wives and several children, was among several citizens whose households benefitted from the distribution of LLINs in June, last year.
Nine months after, Hassan’s family members, as well as others in Lere now appear much more radiant, going by their physical looks. It is obvious that the scourge of malaria in the community has subsided, thus boosting the people’s health.
Officials say that thousands of LLINs were distributed to households, especially to mothers and children, who have used them “continuously, consistently and correctly”.
“It works like magic,” says 45-year-old Katume, the eldest of the three wives of Hassan, who shared her perspective on the efficacy of the LLINs.
“Since we started the use of the nets, neither me nor my children; neither the other wives nor their children have visited hospitals for malaria, except for other ailments.
“Our husband now has ample time to devote his attention to other issues, while our children now attend school more regularly,’’ Katume says.
Katume has good reasons to be elated. Since they started using LLINs, she and all members of her household are no longer regular patients at the Lere Health Centre, adjacent to their home.
They have also been lucky that no members of the family died from malaria in those days without LLINs.
However, Bala, another resident of the community, had not been as lucky, as he lost two children to the scourge of malaria.
“I lost two of my daughters to malaria two years ago,’’ says Bala, 52, and a father of eight.
Now that he personally directs the religious use of LLINs in his home; Bala vows that “never again will malaria gain a foothold on my family members”.
Last June, Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA), through UNICEF, provided 150,000 bed nets to the Lere community for use by all young children and pregnant women in over 124,000 households, to protect them from mosquitoes.
The gesture was part of Japan’s development support for Nigeria in many spheres, which runs into several millions of dollars.
So far, UNICEF is optimistic that the strategy to reduce malaria prevalence by 80 per cent in Nigeria may succeed, going by signs from Lere.
A survey conducted by UNICEF officials showed that the community’s bed net hanging rate now stood at 85 per cent, while 92 per cent of pregnant women and children below five years, now slept under their LLINs.
Alhaji Isa Ahmed, the officer-in-charge of Lere Health Facility, corroborates the survey’s findings, saying that a 90-per-cent distribution of the bed nets has been achieved in the community.
“Before the use of the nets, we treated an average of 100 malaria patients every week in any particular health facility but now, it is just four and they are mainly adult males, who are not covered by the distribution of nets.
“This feat was achieved through correct use of the nets. Anti-malaria drugs for treatment are just lying unused in all the five health facilities in the community because they are not needed,” he says.
Ahmed points out that those health institutions in the area will now focus their energy on other urgent health areas, while the services of town criers and traditional rulers will continue to be engaged, so as to sustain the people’s mobilisation to use LLINs.
Ahmed says that the gains of the programme will be consolidated upon through the citizens’ mobilisation to clean their surroundings to forestall breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
Ahmed adds that reduced incidence of malaria among the people will enhance productivity in the community, whose population comprises civil servants and farmers.
He, nonetheless, stresses the need to change the nets periodically, while distribution coverage of the nets should be extended to the males.
“We want the nets re-treated or changed periodically, where possible; we want male adults to be covered in the next distribution phase, so as to keep mosquitoes and malaria out of our community forever,’’ Ahmed says.
For Alhaji Umaru Muhammed, the District Head of Lere community, his joy knows no bounds over the success of the anti-malaria programme.
Umaru, who is a retired civil servant, says: “We are very grateful for this gesture; we appeal that government should not be too far from us. They should include the men in the next distribution phase.”
The community leader is happy that members of his household now suffer less from malaria and pledges to make personal efforts to sustain the campaign on the use of LLINs.
“I have experienced reduced problem of malaria in my home and we will sustain the high tempo of the awareness campaign in mosques and through town criers,’’ he says.
No doubt, malaria remains a major public health concern in Nigeria, as an estimated 300,000 children under the age of five still die from the disease annually.
Official statistics also indicate that up to 11 per cent of maternal mortality is caused by malaria, translating into one in every four deaths of children and one in every 10 deaths of expectant mothers.
Health analysts express the viewpoints that many lives can be saved if all children under five years, as well as all pregnant women are encouraged to sleep under LLINs, generally described as “simple and cost-effective”.
One of the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) aims at halting and reversing malaria prevalence in 2015 via the provision of LLINs and more efficacious anti-malaria drugs.
In combating malaria effectively, the World Health Organisation (WHO) adopts three main strategies. These are prevention with LLINs; prevention with indoor residual spraying; and rapid treatment with effective anti-malaria medicines.
WHO further recommends a special focus on pregnant women and young children in the fight against malaria.
Observers are optimistic that the target of WHO and the Roll-Back Malaria Programme to cut down malaria’s prevalence by half in 2010, will be a good march toward achieving the MDG target of 2015.
It is noteworthy that Nigeria is not relenting in the war against malaria and part of its strategy is to distribute and ensure the use of 63 million LLINs to 32 million households in all 36 states and Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
Partners rallied by government in the ongoing efforts include UNICEF, which is expected to distribute 6.5 million nets, all in an effort to achieve 80 per cent coverage of expectant mothers and children below five years.
By experts’ analysis, the scope of Nigeria’s current LLINs distribution is the largest in history and anywhere in the world.
Dr Babajide Coker, the Coordinator, Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Programme in Nigeria, says that the Federal Government has spent N26 billion since 2009 on the procurement and distribution of 29 million insecticide-treated nets to 17 states.
He says that Lagos, Enugu, Kwara, Yobe, Borno and the FCT, not previously covered in the distribution, will benefit in the next phase that is expected to start soon.
Coker describes as “robust” the country’s partnership with international agencies involved in the anti-malaria programme.
“The Global Fund provides the major support as it covers 25 states; World Bank has seven states, while the Federal Government, through the Office of the MDGs, covers only five states in all.
“Plans are underway to make the coverage universal and not limited to only those at risk of malaria.
“The purpose of bed net distribution is to help in the reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity rate as contained in the MDGs 4, 5, and 6 and so far, we are on course,’’ Coker stresses.
No doubt, the strides so far attained by Nigeria are fundamental, although a lot more still remains to be done to completely eradicate the scourge of malaria in the country.
Ponle writes for News Agency of Nigeria.
Buki Ponle
From the fore going, the fight against drug trafficking should be treated as an international challenge with open collaboration, if the world leadership must win the fight!.
The circumstances or should I say the improvement on drug related activities are modifying and updating on daily basis. A close friend of mine in the United States of America who recently visited Jamaica, came with a lot of complicated information about drug trafficking and transaction. Being a qualified Nurse in US and on a visit to the Reggae Country (Jamaica), she said she was put aback when a man approached her and introduced himself as a Pharmacist. According to her, she immediately picked interest due to her professional background. To her, a business partner is birthed. But she was shocked to the narrows on learning that drug dealers or traffickers and subriquited Pharmacist in that Country. From her account, they ( The Jamaican Pharmacists), are the first set to people to meet and greet you at the Airport. No government or authority challenges them in the open due to the sophisticated nature of their transportation
Come to think of it, who would want to attack a Pharmacist on duty? Nigerians are not left out in the improvement on drug deal. A chat with a confident in the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency ( NDLEA) Rivers State Command, so revealed. The Officer draw my attention to the movement of Dispatch Riders. He said part of the reasons they ride with almost speed equivalent of the thunder lightning, is to meet up with the appointment of delivering hard drug consignment to a client of theirs. According to him, those guys popularly referred to as Yahoo Boys are the ones who now payroll dispatch riders so that they can deliver their consignment ( hard drugs) on schedule no matter the sort of traffic or weather condition. The fear of loosing rich clients and that of the unknown treatment that may come of the Boys, as the officer puts it, drives the Riders crazy thus the reason to speed even at the expense of their lives.
The account of a prominent Party Promoter, Wayne Anthony, as obtained online recently, also pointed out that ‘No Legislation Will Stop Clubbers From Doing Drugs’ Party promoter, Wayne Anthony, arrived in Ibiza, a Spanish Island in 1988, at the same time as dance music and the party drug ecstasy. Despite hallucinating badly enough to make him give up the lifestyle forever, he says laws will never stop clubbers taking drugs. “I don’t think you can control these things,” said former party promoter Wayne Anthony. He arrived in Ibiza in 1988 and began setting up club nights and raves in some of the island’s most iconic venues. In the years that followed, the sleepy Spanish island turned into a raver’s haven of clubbing and hedonism, with party drugs like ecstasy commonly found. “What Ibiza represented was this beautiful, hot island which was visually stunning and we knew you could party there quite legally,” said Wayne. “You didn’t have to look over your shoulder. You could just be as free as you possibly could be.”
That freedom came with a price. Along with the lavish clubs, all-day-benders and hot Spanish sun came drug cartels and crime. The city transformed into one the world’s most vibrant party capitals, “fuelled by a dangerous and lucrative drugs trade which drew as many criminals to its shores as it did party animals”. Wayne, one of the contributors to the documentary, spoke to Sky News ahead of its release.”I’m not going to sit here and say the cartels aren’t there. They are all there and they’ve been there from the ’90s,” said Wayne. But he said most people tried to ignore the organised crime going on around them. According to Wayne, clubbers usually took the approach of: “‘Give me 10 E’s . Behind the scenes of the filming of Ibiza Narcos with Wayne Anthony. Behind the scenes of the filming of Ibiza Narcos with Wayne Anthony. Hallucinating giant spiders Although he described the Balearic island as the “motherland”, it was eventually a bad experience with drugs that convinced Wayne it was time to leave Ibiza.
He’d been partying for days when he realised he’d taken too many drugs. A friend told him to drink cough medicine, dangerous advice that he now says could have killed him. “I saw the worst hallucination I’ve ever seen in all of my life. I ended up locking myself in the villa with all the shutters down. When he sobered up, he realised he had “come to the end” of his party life on the island. “I never looked back. I never took another drug. I got away from the club world.” ‘I don’t think you’re going to be able to stop it’ Despite his life-changing experience, he doesn’t think criminalising drugs is a good idea – or particularly effective. “If you’re old enough to vote for who’s going to be a world leader, if you’re old enough to put your name down on debt for 25 years, I feel like you should be old enough to govern what you put inside your own body, you know?” said Wayne.
Back to Nigeria, some illicit drugs worth over N30billion seized at Onne Port in Rivers State.
This blood chilling development forced the Federal Government to declare a state of emergency at the Onne Port, following what authorities described as repeated incidents of importation of dangerous cargo, including arms and ammunition through the said port. To this effect, the government said it was immediately implementing emergency protocols at Onne Port for the next three months by conducting thorough examinations of all suspected containers in the premises.
The Comptroller-General of Customs, Bashir Adeniyi, in charge of the port via a press conference, said it henceforth, unveiled the seizures of illicit goods by the Nigeria Customs Service, Area 2 Command, Onne in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State. In defence for his action, Adeniyi said the recurring incidents posed a threat to national security, adding that the health of citizens at the Onne Port is increasingly being used as a destination for dangerous and illicit cargo, describing it as a disturbing trend.
The customs boss stated, “Earlier today, I joined numerous stakeholders to take a significant step towards the cause of trade facilitation through the inauguration of upgraded facilities provided by the West Africa Container Terminal, Onne. “As I express delight that trade facilitation is getting traction in Onne Port, I cannot help but call your attention to a grave concern. This has to do with the repeated incidents of national security breaches unfolding in Onne Port. I appreciate your presence, as we all have a shared responsibility in safeguarding our national security. As we are all aware, the policy thrust of Mr President supports the re-energising of our business environment to drive faster import clearance and grow our capacity for exports, Our emphasis has been to promote initiatives that speak to Trade facilitation and economic development. “It is a matter of regret that criminal elements in the international supply chain are exploiting our pro-trade stance to commit atrocities bordering on national security breaches”.
“The attempts to test our will through the importation of dangerous cargo through this port has necessitated the declaration of a state of emergency in Onne Port, coming on the heels of a seizure of a huge cache of arms a couple of months ago. It is disheartening that perpetrators have not backed down on their illegal acts. Recent intelligence and seizures have revealed a disturbing trend; Onne Port is increasingly being used as a destination for dangerous and illicit cargo. The scale and nature of these illegal importations pose a significant threat to our national security and the health of our citizens. Today, we are here to showcase yet another series of significant seizures made by the diligent officers of the Area 2 Command. On display are twelve containers of illicit goods intercepted through a combination of intelligence gathering, inter-agency collaboration, and meticulous physical examination. Seizures on Display include: Three (3) x 40-feet containers: Containing 562,600 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine and 3,150 pieces of chilly cutters, with a Paid Duty Value (DPV) of N4,716,573,846.
“Others are, three x 40-feet containers containing 380,000 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine, 24,480,000 tablets of Royal Tramadol Hydrochloride, 5,350,000 tablets of Tapentadol and Carisoprodol, and other items, with a DPV of N17,432,506,000 were seized”.
According to the report, more seized items were, “Five (5) x 40-feet containers; Containing 892,400 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine, 1,300,000 tablets of 50mg Really Extra Diclofenac, 7,250,000 tablets of 5mg Trodol Benzhexol, and other items, with a DPV of N8, 128,568,295,90. This very action of the Nigeria Customs Service, further complicated the hope of how soon the fight against drug trafficking could be brought to a halt owing to its high profile nature.
Another hair-raising report of the illicit drug deal has it that when NDLEA bursted a Snake-Guarded Shrine Used For Storing Illicit Drugs sometime ago in Edo State. This very news report was published in The Tide Newspaper on June 24, 2024. According to the report, NDLEA said its operatives uncovered a shrine, guarded by a snake, being used for storing illicit drugs, during an operation in Edo State. The Agency in a statement by its spokesperson, Femi Babafemi, added that its operatives discovered a specially constructed large hole in a wall, hidden behind wallpapers and fetish objects used for drug storage. It further noted that methamphetamine, Loud, Colorado and Arizona, all strong strains of cannabis with a total weight of 8.743kg among others, were recovered from the shrine.
To be cont’d
King Onunwor
The persistent clash between farmers and herders in Nigeria has been a longstanding issue. These conflicts, often, over resources like land and water, have led to loss of lives, destruction of property, displacement of large numbers of people, deep-seated mistrust between communities and insecurity. Herders, traditionally nomadic, move their livestock in search of grazing land and water. Farmers, on the other hand, require the same resources for their crops. This competition often leads to clashes, especially in areas where land is becoming increasingly scarce due to population growth, climate change, and environmental degradation. As these clashes intensify, there has been a growing call for sustainable solutions. Two weeks ago, President Bola Tinubu took a bold step towards tackling the issue by inaugurating the Presidential Committee on Implementation of Livestock Reforms and creating the Ministry of Livestock Development.
The committee which has the president as the chairman and the former Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Professor Attahiru Jega as the deputy chairman has the mandate to address obstacles to agricultural productivity and open up new opportunities which benefit farmers, herders, processors, and distributors in the livestock-farming value chain as well as propose recommendations aimed at fostering a peaceful co-existence between herders and farmers, ensuring the security and economic well-being of Nigerians.The establishment of the Ministry of Livestock Development was part of the recommendations of the National Livestock Reforms Committee. Part of the 21 recommendations submitted to the president include: “This agenda should include the establishment and resuscitation of grazing reserves as suggested by many experts and well-meaning Nigerians and other methods of land utilisation.
“Create the Ministry of Livestock Resources in line with practice in many other West African countries. In the alternative, Federal and State Governments should expand the scope of existing Departments of Livestock Production to address the broader needs of the industry,” among others. Experts in the agricultural sector have posited that the livestock industry can create millions of jobs directly in farming, processing, and distribution, and indirectly in related sectors like feed production, veterinary services, and marketing. It provides livelihoods for rural populations, helping to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life in rural areas. It also increases the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign exchange earnings through the exports of livestock and livestock products such as meat, dairy, wool and leather.
According to them, a well-funded livestock industry supports the growth of agro-processing sectors, such as meat packing, dairy processing, and leather manufacturing, adds value to raw products and creates additional economic activity as well as stimulates the development of supply chains, including logistics, packaging, and retail, contributing to broader economic growth. It enhances economic resilience by diversifying the agricultural sector and providing a buffer against crop failures or other agricultural shocks and many more. Some other agriculturists have also opined that the livestock industry in Nigeria is currently underdeveloped and that by the creation of the ministry of livestock development will open up the industry which will be a huge money spinner for Nigeria.
Reports have shown that a Livestock Ministry can play a pivotal role in mitigating conflicts between farmers and herders by implementing policies and programmes aimed at fostering coexistence and sustainable resource management. The Ministry can work towards clearly demarcating grazing routes and farming areas. This would reduce instances of trespassing and accidental crop destruction, a common flashpoint for conflict. While introducing rotational grazing systems can ensure that land is used sustainably, preventing overgrazing and land degradation, establishing water points and boreholes specifically for livestock can reduce competition for water resources. Similarly, promoting the development of pasturelands through reseeding and controlled burns can improve grazing conditions.
According to a veterinary doctor, Dr Andrew Obadiah, by providing training for herders on sustainable livestock practices and for farmers on conflict resolution, both parties can understand the importance of coexistence. He said that extension services of the ministry can offer advice on improving livestock health and productivity, reducing the need for large herds and extensive grazing. “Setting up local committees involving both farmers and herders to mediate disputes can provide a platform for dialogue and peaceful resolution. Encouraging community-based conflict early warning systems can help prevent clashes before they escalate”, he emphasised.For Mrs. Stella Ugwu, a farmer, having a ministry dedicated to the development of the livestock industry can help in diversifying income sources for both farmers and herders and in turn reduce dependence on land.
”For instance, promoting agro-pastoralism can provide farmers with livestock and herders with agricultural produce”, she explained, adding that providing incentives for adopting sustainable practices, such as subsidies for fodder production or crop insurance, can ease economic pressures. Ugwu was however of the opinion that the creation of a new ministry to handle livestock affairs was uncalled for, since the job can effectively be done by the Technical and Service Department of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and food security and its equivalent on the states level.In some countries, the establishment of a Livestock Ministry or similar bodies has shown promising results. For example, Ethiopia’s Ministry of Agriculture includes a dedicated department for livestock which has successfully implemented programmes to improve pastoral livelihoods and reduce conflicts.
In Kenya, the establishment of the National Drought Management Authority has helped manage resources better, thus reducing clashes between herders and farmers during dry seasons.The president of Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (MACBAN), Othman Ngelzarma, sees the Ministry of Livestock Development achieving the same feat for Nigeria in the near future. He told newsmen that, “MACBAN expresses its deepest appreciation to the Federal Government for creating a ministry of livestock to unlock the trillion-naira livestock economy and create qualitative and productive jobs across the value chain to improve the Nigerian economy. With this development, MACBAN believes the hope of the Nigerian pastoralists is now achieved under the Renewed Hope Agenda.
However, the Middle Belt Forum took a different view of the proposed Ministry of Livestock Development, saying it was not enough to sustainably resolve the decades-long farmers-herders crisis in the country. According to the National President of the association, Mr. Bitrus Pogu, what is needed to end the perennial farmers/herders clashes is a deliberate action by regulatory bodies and the government to stop criminal elements from carrying out deadly attacks on innocent Nigerians, mainly farmers. Hear him: “If the reason for creating the Ministry is to stop clashes, I think it is wrong because all of these attacks and killings that are happening have nothing to do with conflicts between farmers and herders. “Farmers have never connived at any given time to go and attack herders, but rather, criminals who happen to be Fulani gang up and attack farmers, kill, maim and chase them out of their ancestral homes.
“Then, the Fulani will come and occupy them. So, it is more about invasion, criminality, and terrorism. And the majority of those they hire to do these evils are not even those who have cattle. So, a deliberate action has to be taken by the government against the perpetrators, which will address the criminality.” Mr. Pogu suggested that the government should adopt ranching for productivity and enduring peace between the pastoralists and farmers in particular and the entire country in general.While the establishment of a Livestock Ministry presents a viable solution, it is not without challenges. Funding constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and corruption can hamper its effectiveness. Additionally, deeply ingrained cultural practices and mistrust between farmers and herders can be difficult to overcome.
Critics argue that without a holistic approach that includes land reform, climate change adaptation, and broader economic development, a Livestock Ministry alone may not be sufficient. Therefore, it must work in tandem with other governmental and non-governmental bodies to ensure comprehensive solutions. “A dedicated Livestock Ministry, with its focus on sustainable resource management, conflict resolution, and economic incentives, offers a promising avenue to address the root causes of these clashes. However, its success depends on effective implementation, adequate funding, and the cooperation of all stakeholders involved. With the right strategies and commitment, devoid of any political or selfish interest, it can play a crucial role in fostering peace and prosperity in affected regions”, they advised.
Calista Ezeaku
