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Bank Bailout: How Was The Money Spent?

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Although, hundreds of well-trained eyes are watching over the $700 billion that Congress last year decided to spend bailing out the nation’s financial sector, it’s still difficult to answer some of the most basic questions about where the money went.
Despite a new oversight panel, a new special inspector-general, the existing Government Accountability Office and eight other inspectors general, those charged with minding the store say they don’t have all the weapons they need. Ten months into the Troubled Asset Relief Programme, some members of Congress say that some oversight of bailout dollars has been so lacking that it’s essentially worthless.
“TARP has become a programme in which taxpayers are not being told what most of the TARP recipients are doing with their money, have still not been told how much their substantial investments are worth, and will not be told the full details of how their money is being invested,” a special inspector-general over the programme reported last month. The “very credibility” of the programme is at stake, it said.
Access and openness have improved in recent months, watchdogs say, but the programme still has a way to go before it’s truly transparent.
For its part, the Treasury Department said it’s fully committed to transparency, and that it’s taken unprecedented steps to report the status of TARP to the public. It regularly posts information on which banks have received money, as well as details about each of those transactions. Further, Treasury said, it doesn’t agree with all of its watchdogs’ recommendations, which it said could hamper the programme’s effectiveness.
TARP was passed in the midst of last fall’s financial meltdown as a way to keep American banks from falling deeper into the abyss.
The programme was controversial from the start. Its supporters say it’s helped spark bank lending in the country, but critics say it’s unfairly rewarded the big banks and Wall Street firms that pushed the economy to the brink.
The programme also has undergone a major transformation. When the Bush administration first went to Congress for the money, TARP’s main purpose was to buy up hundreds of billions of dollars in bad mortgages and so-called mortgage-backed securities that were bought and sold on Wall Street.
Today, TARP consists of 12 programmes that sent those hundreds of billions of dollars to big banks, but it’s also bailed out auto companies, auto suppliers, individuals delinquent on their mortgages, small businesses and American International Group, the big insurance company.
The watchdogs now must oversee the maze that TARP has become.
Just because a lot of people are watching, however, doesn’t mean they get everything they want to see.
One of the most prominent watchdogs is Elizabeth Warren, a Harvard Law School professor who chairs a TARP oversight panel created by Congress.
Her panel has released 10 major reports that examine TARP’s plans and policies, finding that much of the work by the Treasury and the Federal Reserve has been opaque, with unclear or contradictory goals.
One report took Treasury to task for vastly undervaluing more than $250 billion in transactions with the country’s major banks, and another suggested several ways to revamp federal regulation over the financial sector. Other reports have criticised the Treasury for its initial defensiveness in opening its books.
Despite its mandate, however, the panel doesn’t have subpoena power. That means it can ask, but can’t compel, officials from Treasury, the Federal Reserve or the nation’s banks to testify.
Henry Paulson, the Treasury secretary under former President George W. Bush, repeatedly stiff-armed the panel. Timothy Geithner, the current secretary, has been more open, but so far has testified just once before Warren’s group. Geithner is scheduled to appear again in September, and has agreed to do so quarterly, and two other senior Treasury officials also have appeared.
The relative lack of testimony from top officials, however, is one reason why critics of Warren’s panel think it hasn’t delivered on its promise.
In June, in an otherwise mundane congressional hearing, Republican Rep. Kevin Brady of Texas surprised Warren with an aggressive critique of the panel, saying it’s failed to help taxpayers understand what Treasury is doing with the billions at its disposal.
“There’s been very little value that the panel has brought to this issue or even insight on how these bailout dollars have been used,” he said. “I frankly believe at this point, given the reports that we’ve seen again with little value, I think the panel needs to be abolished.”
Warren defended the panel’s work, saying the lack of subpoena power means we “only have the capacity to invite” witnesses.
“So you asked Secretary Paulson in the first month of existence?” Brady asked.
“I believe we asked him repeatedly,” Warren said. “We asked him in our first month, in our second month, in our third month.”
Warren said she took the criticism seriously, dropping by Brady’s congressional office as soon as the hearing adjourned. The two had never met before, she said, and “I was really surprised,” by his comments.
“He said he felt frustrated,” she said. “He wanted us to be even blunter” in the panel’s reports.
Brady amplified his comments in an interview last month, saying that some of the panel’s work seem like a “PR ploy” and that “the moment has passed” for Warren’s group to play the role Congress envisioned.
His feelings have been partially echoed by two other members of the panel, Rep. Jeb Hensarling of Texas and former Sen. John E. Sununu of New Hampshire, both Republicans appointed by congressional GOP leaders (the other three members were appointed by Democrats).
Both have accused the panel of mission creep of straying from the central goal of determining exactly how, and how well, Treasury is doing its job.
Hensarling said that “taxpayers have not received answers as to whether the TARP programme works, how decisions are being made or what the banks are doing with the taxpayers’ money.” While he praises the “very smart people on the panel,” he said too many questions have been left unexplored.
He acknowledges that the lack of subpoena power makes things tough. “But even if we had it, I’m not sure we would have used it,” said Hensarling, who’s pushing to abolish TARP.
The other primary watchdog is Neil Barofsky, a special inspector-general named in November by Bush specifically to track TARP funds. His office does have subpoena power, and a growing staff that’s expected ultimately to have 160 people pursuing audits and criminal investigations.
It’s also made a series of recommendations to the Treasury, asking that it do more to reveal how TARP money is being spent. Treasury has adopted some of its recommendations, but rejected others including one of the most important: Giving taxpayers precise details on how TARP funds have been used by banks.
The recommendation involves one of the most visible aspects of TARP: investing $218 billion in 650 banks, helping them to strengthen their balance sheets and boost lending to American businesses and homeowners.
Barofsky’s office has long advocated that the Treasury require banks to detail how the TARP money they’ve received has been used. The department has refused, saying that once an investment is made in a big bank, it’s not possible to track how it’s used.
Barofsky’s office rejected that assertion, and did its own survey of 360 institutions, finding that most could say how they’d used the money.
“Treasury’s reasons for refusing to adopt this recommendation have been squarely refuted by the inspector general,” his office reported to Congress.

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IPMAN Wants Marketers To Patronize PH Refinery 

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The Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN), Port Harcourt Unit, is urging petroleum marketers in Rivers State and its surrounding areas to patronize the Port Harcourt Refinery.
The Chairman of IPMAN in Rivers State, Tekena Ikpaki, made this appeal during a joint stakeholders’ meeting at the IPMAN Secretariat in Alesa, Ehleme, in Eleme Local Government Area of the State.
He said the Port Harcourt depot has enough products that can serve the entire nation, adding that time has come for marketers to patronize the Port Harcourt Refinery.
“I want to encourage marketers to come and patronize the Port Harcourt Refinery depot.
“This depot has the capacity to serve the entire nation and if the depot is not patronized, then the effort of the Federal Government is wasted, and what the NNPCL is tirelessly putting in here will also be wasted.
“So my appeal to the public is that they should come and patronize the depot. We have so much products to serve the nation”, he said.
Ikpaki emphasized that supporting the refinery would improve product availability for the public and assured  marketers that all concerns related to loading and pricing would be addressed.
Also speaking, the Chairman of Independent Marketers Board (IMB) in Rivers State, Udunwo Uche, stated that stakeholders have put forward recommendations to help the refinery operate at full capacity.
“We have been able to talk to ourselves and some persons concerned and we are hopeful that there will be positive response”, he said.
According to him, the board expects more marketers to come to Port Harcourt Refinery to lift products, adding that once that is done the place will be lively again.
He said the refinery has buildings that provide accomodations to thousands of people, adding that the place needs to be encouraged to come back to life.
The meeting was attended by some key stakeholders, including IPMAN, the Nigeria Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers (NUPENG), the Petroleum Tanker Drivers (PTD), the Independent Marketers Board (IMB), and representatives of the community.
John Bibor
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Customs To Facilitate Trade, Generate Revenue At Industrial Command

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The Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) says it’s targeting to facilitate more trade and also generate more revenue at its Industrial Command in Lagos State.
Comptroller-General of the NCS, Bashir Adewale Adeniyi, disclosed this following his approval for the appointment of Compt. Sarah Wadinda as the Customs Area Controller (CAC) of the Lagos Industrial Command.
According to the Command’s Public Relations Officer, J.D Tomo, the newly appointed CAC took over from Compt. Rebecca Chokor, who retired in December 2024.
Tomo said the CAC affirmed its commitment to facilitate trade and increase the command’s revenue in line with the CGC’s policy thrust.
“The NCS, Lagos Industrial Area Command (LIAC), received a transformative Customs Area Controller (CAC), Comptroller Sarah Wadinda, who is the successor of Comptroller Rebecca Chokor (rtd.)
“Comptroller Wadinda assumed the Office of Customs Area Controller of the LIAC on Thursday, 6 February 2025. She affirmed her commitment to facilitating trade with an open door to both officers and stakeholders.
“She said the focus of the Nigeria Customs Service and the Comptroller General of Customs (CGC), Bashir Adewale Adeniyi, is trade facilitation and revenue collection. Therefore, the activities of LIAC shall be in line with the CGC’s policy thrust which are collaboration, consolidation and innovation.
“The CAC, on Thursday, 13 February 2025, had a maiden meeting with all Heads of the Unit of the Command and stakeholders. The meeting was held to strengthen collaboration with excise stakeholders for a better revenue drive in LIAC.
“She reiterated that she would work towards achieving an enhanced effective cooperation between the LIAC and excise traders on trade facilitation and excise regulation compliance”, Tomo stated.
Tomo, in her statement, also stated that the CAC engaged stakeholders of the command where she reiterated her desire to facilitate legitimate trade.
She stated that the CAC reminded stakeholders that LIAC’s responsibility is to supervise, collect and account for Excise duty from factories producing alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages produced within Lagos State.
“During the maiden meeting at the LIAC conference hall, the CAC pledged her allegiance to the Comptroller General of Customs’ policy thrust, which is consolidation, collaboration and innovation.
“She enjoined all officers and men of the Command to be committed and dedicated in their various schedules towards achieving the policy thrust for an enhanced Excise duty collection.
“The CAC reminded the attendees of the meeting that LIAC’s responsibility is to supervise, collect and account for Excise duty from factories producing alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages produced within Lagos State.
“The Lagos Industrial Area Command monitors the production processes, ensures compliance with Excise regulations, and facilitates trade by providing necessary support and guidance to Excise traders.
“She further encouraged stakeholders to acquire knowledge of the established NCS laws for a seamless excise trade and a stronger trade relationship with the command.
“The CAC reaffirmed that she will use the leadership position to build and improve on the legacy left by her predecessor as well as upholding the core values of the Nigeria Customs Service professionally”, the Command’s spokesperson stated.
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FG To Ban Overloaded Petrol Trucks

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The Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) has said trucks with a capacity in excess of 60,000 litres will not be allowed to load in any depot for petroleum products beginning from March.
The Executive Director of Distribution Systems, Storage and Retailing Infrastructure at the NMDPRA, Ogbugo Ukoha, disclosed this while speaking to journalists in Abuja, midweek.
Ukoha explained that the decision was made to mitigate the high level of trucks and transit accidents in the country.
He said, “Beginning 1st March, trucks with a capacity in excess of 60,000 litres will not be allowed to load in any loading depot for petroleum products. By the fourth quarter of 2025, we will also preclude the loading or transportation of petroleum products on any truck in excess of 45,000 litres.
“And this is just one out of 10 measures that stakeholders have agreed that needs to be addressed if we want to mitigate the high level of trucks and transit accidents.”
According to him, this was the first time consensus was built amongst all stakeholders.
“We are continuing to encourage that we’ll work together cohesively to deliver a safe transportation of petroleum products across the country”, he stated.
He continued that the stakeholders that held the consensus decision at the meeting were the Nigerian Association of Road Transport Owners (NARTO), Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN), Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON), Major Oil Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN), among others.
He added that investors, especially truck owners, need time to redesign the trucks and redirect their funding.
According to him, the country experienced a significant reduction in petrol demand from 66 million litres per day to around 50 million litres per day.
This decline, he said, follows the withdrawal of petrol subsidies by President Bola Tinubu in 2023.
“All of us have experienced a Yuletide free of any scarcity. And let me just reconfirm that from year to year, we saw an increase in the demand for petrol by 2021, 2022, up to 2023, just before the current administration came in. The daily petrol supply sufficiency was always more than 60 million.
“In fact, averaging about 66 million a day for petrol. And following Mr President’s withdrawal of subsidy, the announcement of 29 May 2023, we immediately saw a steep decline in consumption. And between then and as we speak, we’ve continued to do plus or minus 50 million.
“That’s a considerable reduction in volumes. Of these 50 million litres averaging for each day, less than 50 per cent of that is contributed by domestic refineries. And so the shortfall in accordance with the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) is sourced by way of imports”, he said.
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