Features
Media Technology And Journalism Practice
Not long ago, 23 journalists from 10 African countries gathered at the Institute of Mass Communication in New Delhi, India, for a training programme on modern-day journalism.
The journalists’ training was at the instance of India’s Ministry of External Affairs, to strengthen bilateral relations between the Asian country and the African continent.
The Indian government, keen on developing a robust relationship with African countries, has been conducting various media training programmes for African journalists since 1969.
This year’s programme had participants from Nigeria, South Africa, Ethiopia, Namibia, Mauritius, Niger, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Zimbabwe and Zambia.
Welcoming the journalists to India, Mr Vishnu Prakash, spokesman for the country’s Ministry of External Affairs, noted that the media remained a vital tool in efforts to promote and strengthen bilateral relations between countries.
“We are eager to have institutional linkages between Indian and African media; between news agencies, newspapers and the broadcast stations,’’ he said.
Prakash said that India was organising the training programme to prepare African journalists for the contemporary demands of journalism practice in the 21st Century.
Also speaking, Prof. Kshitindra Shrivastava, a lecturer in the institute and the programme’s coordinator, acknowledged the vital roles of Africa in the world’s economy.
He underscored India’s determination to play appreciable roles in African affairs, adding that the country’s resolve in that direction informed its decision to fortify the African media with regard to the current trends of journalism practice.
Shrivastava noted that the courses of the training programme provided opportunities for the participants drawn from different media organisations to deliberate on varying topical issues and sharpen their professional skills.
He, nonetheless, stressed that the modern-day journalist ought to have a good sense of judgment and a good command of the language in use, to be able to survive in the milieu of modern journalism practice.
Shrivastava particularly stressed the need for journalists to embrace the use of new media technologies in their professional practice.
The professor, however, held the view that mobile phones and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) would outshine other forms of media in the future.
“The biggest media growth is going to come from the mobile phone, as the mobile phone is the brand of information technology that is set to outshine other media of mass communication.
“GSM is the world’s largest market and young people, who are our future, are at the centre of it,’’ Shrivastava said.
“We (India) will use our human resources for the development of the mobile phone media platform, which could be a game changer for Africa as well,’’ he added.
Shrivastava particularly urged African countries and media professionals to adopt the emerging media technologies, while engaging in multimedia journalism to expand the scope of media coverage and reports.
He reiterated that the use of mobile phones as a tool of mass communication would not only boost information dissemination but would also stimulate the growth of journalism as a profession.
Making reference to India, Shrivastava noted that out of India’s 1.21 billion population, some 800 million citizens had access to mobile phones.
The professor explained that news — either in audio or video forms — could be transmitted via the mobile phone platform to recipients even in remote localities.
“Apart from using the mobile phone as a news-dissemination medium, it could also be effectively used to deliver welfare services to the rural poor who do not have access to other forms of mass communication,’’ he said.
Shrivastava expatiated that if media houses adopted the use of mobile phones for their news gathering and reports’ dissemination, they would have more efficient services with wider and faster coverage.
Sharing similar sentiments, Mr Srimoy Patra, the Director of Operations of Multi Vision Digital System Ltd. In New Delhi, said that the exponential growth in the use of mobile phones and the Internet across the world was quite amazing.
Patra envisioned a great future for the “new media’’, which incorporated the use of the Internet and mobile phones, saying that it had greater prospects than the print and electronic media.
“Very soon, we will not have three types of media but one and that is already happening.
“With your laptop, you don’t need to turn on your television to view movies or watch matches. We also have online version of newspapers.
“Mobile phones are getting more sophisticated by the day. They now have various functions, as they act as video or audio recorders, radio and television. You can now do anything with mobile phones; you can download or upload data and have a virtual office,’’ Patra said.
“We are on the threshold of a revolution and the use of mobile phone is going to change the people’s lives,’’ he added.
Patra noted that the comparative advantages of the new media included its accessibility and affordability.
According to him, Africa has 5.6 per cent of the world’s two billion Internet users.
“The biggest revolution in Internet uses and applications is happening in Africa, the continent cannot be ignored by the world,’’ he said.
Patra, who noted that Africa was even ahead of Asia in Internet usage, urged African journalists to take advantage of online media services to improve their reportage and news’ transmission, particularly in conflict zones.
Patra, an expert in cyber journalism, advised African journalists and media agencies to engage in cyber journalism because of its numerous benefits.
He said that cyber media also involved the use of digital devices for the storage of information for future use.
He expatiated that the stored data could be exchanged and used for research, among other functions, at any location, irrespective of any programmed restrictions, to reach a greater number of people at a faster rate.
Patra stressed that the adoption of cyber media by African journalists would enable them to compete with journalists from developed countries shoulder-to-shoulder.
“Cyber media has tremendous potential, especially in the crisis situations, because under such situations, the regular media could break down, giving cyber media the leeway to play significant roles.
“Even if you are not in the conflict zones, you can still get news from there, as journalists can just upload information from any place.
“And since cyber media extensively relies on digital technology, it has a greater reach, while the journalist in crisis situations can easily upload information and transmit reports,” he said.
Patra said that one of the beneficial aspects of cyber media was that it supported online journalism practice, adding that it also guaranteed the safety of data in the event of hardware ((computer) breakdowns.
He said that the comparative advantages of cyber media over the traditional media included its wider global reach.
“One can just upload information and it can get to some two billion people instantaneously because nowadays, more than two billion people across the world are using the Internet,’’ he said.
Patra implored journalists to take due advantage of online tools that were offered on the Internet for quick and efficient news delivery in crisis situations.
He also recommended the use of mobile phones by journalists to enhance their reportage.
“Mobile phones should be used effectively because today’s phones come with a variety of features. Therefore, mobile phones play very vital communicative roles, particularly in crisis situations,’’ he said.
Moreover, Mr Tarun Basu, the Director of India-Africa Connect, an India-based non-governmental organisation, said that Africa had a large market for Internet use and products.
Basu said that this partly explained why India was concentrating its efforts in Africa on capacity building and skills development.
In spite of the emerging media technologies and their usefulness, virtually all the resource persons at the training stressed the need for journalists to uphold professional ideals via their news reports.
Ms Humra Quresi, a facilitator at the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, called on journalists to be cautious while sourcing for stories.
She said that it was important for journalists to always double-check their facts and be circumspect, while relaying information they got from secondary sources.
“A good news report must be balanced and truthful. The journalist should be as truthful as possible by insisting on getting information first-hand.
“Journalists must check and recheck the sources of their stories; they must also strive to be balanced,’’ she said.
However, Quresi called on African journalists to lay particular emphasis on grassroots reporting, pointing out that people in rural communities were often neglected while they often bore the brunt of government policies.
“African journalists should act as the intermediary between the government and the people. Timely reports about people living in the rustic setting will help their cause,’’ she said.
Another resource person, Mrs Shashwali Goswami, in her lecture on “Radio Journalism’’, called on African radio journalists to be mindful of their language of communication because of the divergent interests of their audience.
She stressed that simple and concise terms, good scripting and editing were the hallmarks of a good news report.
The general consensus of opinions at the training programme was that African journalists ought to adopt the use of modern media technologies to enhance the quality and scope of their reports.
By so doing, African journalists will be in a position to compete favourably with their counterparts in Western countries, some said.
Ukuedojor write for NAN.
Magdalene Ukuedojor
From the fore going, the fight against drug trafficking should be treated as an international challenge with open collaboration, if the world leadership must win the fight!.
The circumstances or should I say the improvement on drug related activities are modifying and updating on daily basis. A close friend of mine in the United States of America who recently visited Jamaica, came with a lot of complicated information about drug trafficking and transaction. Being a qualified Nurse in US and on a visit to the Reggae Country (Jamaica), she said she was put aback when a man approached her and introduced himself as a Pharmacist. According to her, she immediately picked interest due to her professional background. To her, a business partner is birthed. But she was shocked to the narrows on learning that drug dealers or traffickers and subriquited Pharmacist in that Country. From her account, they ( The Jamaican Pharmacists), are the first set to people to meet and greet you at the Airport. No government or authority challenges them in the open due to the sophisticated nature of their transportation
Come to think of it, who would want to attack a Pharmacist on duty? Nigerians are not left out in the improvement on drug deal. A chat with a confident in the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency ( NDLEA) Rivers State Command, so revealed. The Officer draw my attention to the movement of Dispatch Riders. He said part of the reasons they ride with almost speed equivalent of the thunder lightning, is to meet up with the appointment of delivering hard drug consignment to a client of theirs. According to him, those guys popularly referred to as Yahoo Boys are the ones who now payroll dispatch riders so that they can deliver their consignment ( hard drugs) on schedule no matter the sort of traffic or weather condition. The fear of loosing rich clients and that of the unknown treatment that may come of the Boys, as the officer puts it, drives the Riders crazy thus the reason to speed even at the expense of their lives.
The account of a prominent Party Promoter, Wayne Anthony, as obtained online recently, also pointed out that ‘No Legislation Will Stop Clubbers From Doing Drugs’ Party promoter, Wayne Anthony, arrived in Ibiza, a Spanish Island in 1988, at the same time as dance music and the party drug ecstasy. Despite hallucinating badly enough to make him give up the lifestyle forever, he says laws will never stop clubbers taking drugs. “I don’t think you can control these things,” said former party promoter Wayne Anthony. He arrived in Ibiza in 1988 and began setting up club nights and raves in some of the island’s most iconic venues. In the years that followed, the sleepy Spanish island turned into a raver’s haven of clubbing and hedonism, with party drugs like ecstasy commonly found. “What Ibiza represented was this beautiful, hot island which was visually stunning and we knew you could party there quite legally,” said Wayne. “You didn’t have to look over your shoulder. You could just be as free as you possibly could be.”
That freedom came with a price. Along with the lavish clubs, all-day-benders and hot Spanish sun came drug cartels and crime. The city transformed into one the world’s most vibrant party capitals, “fuelled by a dangerous and lucrative drugs trade which drew as many criminals to its shores as it did party animals”. Wayne, one of the contributors to the documentary, spoke to Sky News ahead of its release.”I’m not going to sit here and say the cartels aren’t there. They are all there and they’ve been there from the ’90s,” said Wayne. But he said most people tried to ignore the organised crime going on around them. According to Wayne, clubbers usually took the approach of: “‘Give me 10 E’s . Behind the scenes of the filming of Ibiza Narcos with Wayne Anthony. Behind the scenes of the filming of Ibiza Narcos with Wayne Anthony. Hallucinating giant spiders Although he described the Balearic island as the “motherland”, it was eventually a bad experience with drugs that convinced Wayne it was time to leave Ibiza.
He’d been partying for days when he realised he’d taken too many drugs. A friend told him to drink cough medicine, dangerous advice that he now says could have killed him. “I saw the worst hallucination I’ve ever seen in all of my life. I ended up locking myself in the villa with all the shutters down. When he sobered up, he realised he had “come to the end” of his party life on the island. “I never looked back. I never took another drug. I got away from the club world.” ‘I don’t think you’re going to be able to stop it’ Despite his life-changing experience, he doesn’t think criminalising drugs is a good idea – or particularly effective. “If you’re old enough to vote for who’s going to be a world leader, if you’re old enough to put your name down on debt for 25 years, I feel like you should be old enough to govern what you put inside your own body, you know?” said Wayne.
Back to Nigeria, some illicit drugs worth over N30billion seized at Onne Port in Rivers State.
This blood chilling development forced the Federal Government to declare a state of emergency at the Onne Port, following what authorities described as repeated incidents of importation of dangerous cargo, including arms and ammunition through the said port. To this effect, the government said it was immediately implementing emergency protocols at Onne Port for the next three months by conducting thorough examinations of all suspected containers in the premises.
The Comptroller-General of Customs, Bashir Adeniyi, in charge of the port via a press conference, said it henceforth, unveiled the seizures of illicit goods by the Nigeria Customs Service, Area 2 Command, Onne in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State. In defence for his action, Adeniyi said the recurring incidents posed a threat to national security, adding that the health of citizens at the Onne Port is increasingly being used as a destination for dangerous and illicit cargo, describing it as a disturbing trend.
The customs boss stated, “Earlier today, I joined numerous stakeholders to take a significant step towards the cause of trade facilitation through the inauguration of upgraded facilities provided by the West Africa Container Terminal, Onne. “As I express delight that trade facilitation is getting traction in Onne Port, I cannot help but call your attention to a grave concern. This has to do with the repeated incidents of national security breaches unfolding in Onne Port. I appreciate your presence, as we all have a shared responsibility in safeguarding our national security. As we are all aware, the policy thrust of Mr President supports the re-energising of our business environment to drive faster import clearance and grow our capacity for exports, Our emphasis has been to promote initiatives that speak to Trade facilitation and economic development. “It is a matter of regret that criminal elements in the international supply chain are exploiting our pro-trade stance to commit atrocities bordering on national security breaches”.
“The attempts to test our will through the importation of dangerous cargo through this port has necessitated the declaration of a state of emergency in Onne Port, coming on the heels of a seizure of a huge cache of arms a couple of months ago. It is disheartening that perpetrators have not backed down on their illegal acts. Recent intelligence and seizures have revealed a disturbing trend; Onne Port is increasingly being used as a destination for dangerous and illicit cargo. The scale and nature of these illegal importations pose a significant threat to our national security and the health of our citizens. Today, we are here to showcase yet another series of significant seizures made by the diligent officers of the Area 2 Command. On display are twelve containers of illicit goods intercepted through a combination of intelligence gathering, inter-agency collaboration, and meticulous physical examination. Seizures on Display include: Three (3) x 40-feet containers: Containing 562,600 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine and 3,150 pieces of chilly cutters, with a Paid Duty Value (DPV) of N4,716,573,846.
“Others are, three x 40-feet containers containing 380,000 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine, 24,480,000 tablets of Royal Tramadol Hydrochloride, 5,350,000 tablets of Tapentadol and Carisoprodol, and other items, with a DPV of N17,432,506,000 were seized”.
According to the report, more seized items were, “Five (5) x 40-feet containers; Containing 892,400 bottles of 100ml cough syrup with codeine, 1,300,000 tablets of 50mg Really Extra Diclofenac, 7,250,000 tablets of 5mg Trodol Benzhexol, and other items, with a DPV of N8, 128,568,295,90. This very action of the Nigeria Customs Service, further complicated the hope of how soon the fight against drug trafficking could be brought to a halt owing to its high profile nature.
Another hair-raising report of the illicit drug deal has it that when NDLEA bursted a Snake-Guarded Shrine Used For Storing Illicit Drugs sometime ago in Edo State. This very news report was published in The Tide Newspaper on June 24, 2024. According to the report, NDLEA said its operatives uncovered a shrine, guarded by a snake, being used for storing illicit drugs, during an operation in Edo State. The Agency in a statement by its spokesperson, Femi Babafemi, added that its operatives discovered a specially constructed large hole in a wall, hidden behind wallpapers and fetish objects used for drug storage. It further noted that methamphetamine, Loud, Colorado and Arizona, all strong strains of cannabis with a total weight of 8.743kg among others, were recovered from the shrine.
To be cont’d
King Onunwor
The persistent clash between farmers and herders in Nigeria has been a longstanding issue. These conflicts, often, over resources like land and water, have led to loss of lives, destruction of property, displacement of large numbers of people, deep-seated mistrust between communities and insecurity. Herders, traditionally nomadic, move their livestock in search of grazing land and water. Farmers, on the other hand, require the same resources for their crops. This competition often leads to clashes, especially in areas where land is becoming increasingly scarce due to population growth, climate change, and environmental degradation. As these clashes intensify, there has been a growing call for sustainable solutions. Two weeks ago, President Bola Tinubu took a bold step towards tackling the issue by inaugurating the Presidential Committee on Implementation of Livestock Reforms and creating the Ministry of Livestock Development.
The committee which has the president as the chairman and the former Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Professor Attahiru Jega as the deputy chairman has the mandate to address obstacles to agricultural productivity and open up new opportunities which benefit farmers, herders, processors, and distributors in the livestock-farming value chain as well as propose recommendations aimed at fostering a peaceful co-existence between herders and farmers, ensuring the security and economic well-being of Nigerians.The establishment of the Ministry of Livestock Development was part of the recommendations of the National Livestock Reforms Committee. Part of the 21 recommendations submitted to the president include: “This agenda should include the establishment and resuscitation of grazing reserves as suggested by many experts and well-meaning Nigerians and other methods of land utilisation.
“Create the Ministry of Livestock Resources in line with practice in many other West African countries. In the alternative, Federal and State Governments should expand the scope of existing Departments of Livestock Production to address the broader needs of the industry,” among others. Experts in the agricultural sector have posited that the livestock industry can create millions of jobs directly in farming, processing, and distribution, and indirectly in related sectors like feed production, veterinary services, and marketing. It provides livelihoods for rural populations, helping to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life in rural areas. It also increases the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign exchange earnings through the exports of livestock and livestock products such as meat, dairy, wool and leather.
According to them, a well-funded livestock industry supports the growth of agro-processing sectors, such as meat packing, dairy processing, and leather manufacturing, adds value to raw products and creates additional economic activity as well as stimulates the development of supply chains, including logistics, packaging, and retail, contributing to broader economic growth. It enhances economic resilience by diversifying the agricultural sector and providing a buffer against crop failures or other agricultural shocks and many more. Some other agriculturists have also opined that the livestock industry in Nigeria is currently underdeveloped and that by the creation of the ministry of livestock development will open up the industry which will be a huge money spinner for Nigeria.
Reports have shown that a Livestock Ministry can play a pivotal role in mitigating conflicts between farmers and herders by implementing policies and programmes aimed at fostering coexistence and sustainable resource management. The Ministry can work towards clearly demarcating grazing routes and farming areas. This would reduce instances of trespassing and accidental crop destruction, a common flashpoint for conflict. While introducing rotational grazing systems can ensure that land is used sustainably, preventing overgrazing and land degradation, establishing water points and boreholes specifically for livestock can reduce competition for water resources. Similarly, promoting the development of pasturelands through reseeding and controlled burns can improve grazing conditions.
According to a veterinary doctor, Dr Andrew Obadiah, by providing training for herders on sustainable livestock practices and for farmers on conflict resolution, both parties can understand the importance of coexistence. He said that extension services of the ministry can offer advice on improving livestock health and productivity, reducing the need for large herds and extensive grazing. “Setting up local committees involving both farmers and herders to mediate disputes can provide a platform for dialogue and peaceful resolution. Encouraging community-based conflict early warning systems can help prevent clashes before they escalate”, he emphasised.For Mrs. Stella Ugwu, a farmer, having a ministry dedicated to the development of the livestock industry can help in diversifying income sources for both farmers and herders and in turn reduce dependence on land.
”For instance, promoting agro-pastoralism can provide farmers with livestock and herders with agricultural produce”, she explained, adding that providing incentives for adopting sustainable practices, such as subsidies for fodder production or crop insurance, can ease economic pressures. Ugwu was however of the opinion that the creation of a new ministry to handle livestock affairs was uncalled for, since the job can effectively be done by the Technical and Service Department of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and food security and its equivalent on the states level.In some countries, the establishment of a Livestock Ministry or similar bodies has shown promising results. For example, Ethiopia’s Ministry of Agriculture includes a dedicated department for livestock which has successfully implemented programmes to improve pastoral livelihoods and reduce conflicts.
In Kenya, the establishment of the National Drought Management Authority has helped manage resources better, thus reducing clashes between herders and farmers during dry seasons.The president of Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (MACBAN), Othman Ngelzarma, sees the Ministry of Livestock Development achieving the same feat for Nigeria in the near future. He told newsmen that, “MACBAN expresses its deepest appreciation to the Federal Government for creating a ministry of livestock to unlock the trillion-naira livestock economy and create qualitative and productive jobs across the value chain to improve the Nigerian economy. With this development, MACBAN believes the hope of the Nigerian pastoralists is now achieved under the Renewed Hope Agenda.
However, the Middle Belt Forum took a different view of the proposed Ministry of Livestock Development, saying it was not enough to sustainably resolve the decades-long farmers-herders crisis in the country. According to the National President of the association, Mr. Bitrus Pogu, what is needed to end the perennial farmers/herders clashes is a deliberate action by regulatory bodies and the government to stop criminal elements from carrying out deadly attacks on innocent Nigerians, mainly farmers. Hear him: “If the reason for creating the Ministry is to stop clashes, I think it is wrong because all of these attacks and killings that are happening have nothing to do with conflicts between farmers and herders. “Farmers have never connived at any given time to go and attack herders, but rather, criminals who happen to be Fulani gang up and attack farmers, kill, maim and chase them out of their ancestral homes.
“Then, the Fulani will come and occupy them. So, it is more about invasion, criminality, and terrorism. And the majority of those they hire to do these evils are not even those who have cattle. So, a deliberate action has to be taken by the government against the perpetrators, which will address the criminality.” Mr. Pogu suggested that the government should adopt ranching for productivity and enduring peace between the pastoralists and farmers in particular and the entire country in general.While the establishment of a Livestock Ministry presents a viable solution, it is not without challenges. Funding constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and corruption can hamper its effectiveness. Additionally, deeply ingrained cultural practices and mistrust between farmers and herders can be difficult to overcome.
Critics argue that without a holistic approach that includes land reform, climate change adaptation, and broader economic development, a Livestock Ministry alone may not be sufficient. Therefore, it must work in tandem with other governmental and non-governmental bodies to ensure comprehensive solutions. “A dedicated Livestock Ministry, with its focus on sustainable resource management, conflict resolution, and economic incentives, offers a promising avenue to address the root causes of these clashes. However, its success depends on effective implementation, adequate funding, and the cooperation of all stakeholders involved. With the right strategies and commitment, devoid of any political or selfish interest, it can play a crucial role in fostering peace and prosperity in affected regions”, they advised.
Calista Ezeaku
