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National Assembly And Sustainable Democracy

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Conventionally, the business of modern government is conducted around three arms, namely the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. This division is inspired by the time honoured doctrine of Separation of Powers, first articulated by the ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle but made popular by the French political thinker, Baron de Monlesquieu. Writing as early as 384-322 B.C, Aristotle remarked that:

There are three elements in each constitution in respect of which every serious law giver must look for what is advantageous to it. The three are, first, the deliberative, which discusses everything of common importance; second, the officials and third, the judicial element.

This idea was what was later elaborated by Montesquieu into what we generally refer to as the doctrine of separation of powers. Writing in 1748 in De L’Epirit des Loise, Montesqueu posited that: When the legislative and Executive powers are united in the same person or in the same body of magistrates, there is no liberty. There is no liberty, if the judicial powers is not separated from the legislative and executive powers. Were it joined with the legislative powers, the life and liberty of the subjects would be. exposed to arbitrary control, for the judge would be the legislator. Were it joined with the executive power, the judge might behave with violence and oppression. There would be an end of everything were the same man or the same body to exercise these three powers.

In its basic formulation, the doctrine of separation of powers demands that the three primary functions of government namely: law making, implementation and adjudicating or interpreting -the law be entrusted into the hands of three of an over concentration of governmental powers in the hands of a few.

In line with the necessity for separation of powers, sections 4,5 and 6 of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (CFRN) 1999 clearly stipulate the powers of the three organs of government. In what follows, we reflect on the powers of the legislature.

The legislature in Nigeria is essentially bicameral and is variously referred to as the National Assembly or Parliament. Bicameralism suggests that the National Assembly is made up of two legislative chambers an upper chamber known as the Senate and a lower chamber known as the House of Representatives. It has a total membership of 469,360 from the lower chamber and 109 from the upper chamber.

The powers of the National Assembly are stipulated in Section 4 (1-(9) of the constitution. Section 4 (2) for instance states that ‘the National Assembly shall have powers to make laws for the people, order and good government of the federation or any part thereof with respect to any matter’. Mamora (2009) categorizes the powers of the legislature into three, namely ‘expressed’, ‘implied’ and ‘assumed’ powers. Expressed powers refer to those powers of the legislature that are clearly spell out in the constitution such as lawmaking, authorisation of expenditure of public funds, creation of states etc. Implied powers refer to those powers which may not be expressly stated in the constitution but which by extension of the constitution; the legislature may, by necessary implication legislate on. These include power of arrest (section 89), power to create new ministries etc. Finally, assumed powers may be exercised by the legislature in response to a constitutional or administrative lacuna. For instance, following the failure of the, late president Yar’ Adua to duly notify the National Assembly of his incapacity arising from ill-health, the National Assembly on the basis of the interview he granted the BBC invoked the doctrine of necessity and passed a resolution’ authorising the then Vice President to assume the position of Acting President.

How well the National Assembly has played the aforementioned roles remain a subject of active popular contestation. For some, the legislature is at best a drain on national resources: given the amount of money it costs the nation to maintain the lawmakers. For instance a popular text message that was circulated in the midst of the brouhuha over the pay of legislators queried:

do you know that it costs taxpayers 290m naira yearly to maintain each member of our National Assembly in a country where nothing works & where 80% of population earn below 300 Naira? A working day earning of a senator is more than a yearly income of a doctor; It’s more than the salary of 42 Army generals or 48 professors or 70 commissioners of police or more than twice the pay of the US president or 9 times the salary of US congressmen …

Others believe that though our democracy is expensive. It is better than the pain that military rule represented. The issue for me is not between democracy and dictatorship. It is about how to sensibly remunerate our lawmakers in a manner that does not amount to a derivation of resources that could be mobililsed for national development. It becomes particularly worrisome against the realisation that in terms of productivity, measured in terms of number of bills passed into laws. The Nigeria’s National Assembly lags behind the American congress, even as its members earn several times over what their American counterparts earn.

The controversy is one which is not about to be resolved and it may not be fruitful to detain ourselves on this any further. Given the specific purview of this presentation, it may be fruitful for us to focus our  attention on the role of the National Assembly in sustainable democracy.

Aaron is a lecturer in Uniport

Kikpoye K. Aaron

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Senate Extends 2025 Budget Implementation To Sept. 30

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Senate has again approved a three-month extension implementation period for capital component of the 2025 Appropriation Act from June 30 to Sept 30.

This followed the adoption of a motion moved by Senate Chief Whip, Mohammed Monguno (APC- Borno) at plenary yesterday.

Monguno, moving the motion, said the extension became necessary given the unutilsed substantial funds released to Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) for implementation of projects under the 2025 budget.

According to him, delays caused by procurement processes, project implementation challenges and administrative procedures had slowed the execution of several critical government projects.

Monguno said many strategic projects across key sectors of the economy were already at advanced stages of completion and required additional time for execution, certification and payment.

“Failure to extend the implementation period of the 2025 Appropriation Act may result in the abandonment of critical projects, the wastage of already committed public resources and the disruption of ongoing government interventions,” he said.

He argued that some allocations contained in the budget might not be accommodated in subsequent appropriation cycles if the implementation window expired.

This, he said would create funding gaps and ultimately undermine development objectives.

He said that extending the validity period of the budget would improve budget performance, facilitate the efficient utilisation of released funds and support economic growth.

“Granting a further extension of the implementation period is in the national interest and will ensure value for money in public expenditure,” he said.

Chairman, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Sen. Solomon Adeola (APC-Ogun), supporting the motion, explained that the extension was specifically targeted at the capital component of the budget.

According to him, when President Bola Tinubu presented the 2025 budget to the National Assembly, there is an understanding that 30 per cent of the budget implementation will be completed by March 31, while the remaining 70 per cent will be rolled into the 2026 budget.

Adeola said that the implementation timeline was not fully achieved, prompting the National Assembly to earlier extend the budget’s lifespan to June 30.

“While we were passing the 2026 budget, due to the non-implementation of that promise, we were forced to extend the budget to June 30,” he said.

He said although payments had commenced, significant obligations remained outstanding.

“There is a need to extend this budget beyond June 30 to September 30, by then, we are hopeful that the outstanding 30 per cent will have been paid in full, while implementation of the components transferred to the 2026 budget can commence.”

Adeola urged senators to support the extension to ensure proper implementation of projects and prevent disruptions to government programmes.

Sen.Victor Umeh  (NDC-Anambra), who seconded the motion cited the need to sustain the execution of projects captured under the 2025 Appropriation Act.

“In view of the need to sustain the continued execution of the projects covered in the 2025 Appropriation Act, as amended, I hereby second the motion,” Umeh said.

Following deliberations, Senate President Akpabio put the proposal to a voice vote and it was overwhelmingly adopted by the lawmakers..

Akpabio in his remarks said the decision was necessary to prevent interruptions in payments and project execution.

“The payment would have stopped halfway if this was not done,” he said.

The Senate President commended the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee and other lawmakers involved in handling the matter.

He directed that the Senate’s resolution be transmitted to the executive for implementation.

“Accordingly, the resolution of the Senate is being communicated to the Executive that the 2025 Appropriation Act has been extended to Sept 30.

The National Assembly had earlier extended the implementation period of the 2025 budget to June 30, following delays in the release and utilisation of capital funds.

Senate, thereafter, adjourned plenary to July 7.

 

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Reps Elect Bayelsa Lawmaker, Agbedi, As Minority Leader

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The member representing Sagbama/Ekeremor Federal Constituency of Bayelsa State, Frederick Agbedi, yesterday emerged as the new Minority Leader of the House of Representatives.

Agbedi’s emergence follows the resignation of former Minority Leader, Kingsley Chinda of Rivers State, who recently defected from the Peoples Democratic Party to the ruling All Progressives Congress, creating a vacuum in the leadership structure of the opposition caucus in the Green Chamber.

His nomination was contained in a letter transmitted to the Speaker of the House, Tajudeen Abbas, by the minority caucus during plenary, yesterday.

In the letter, the caucus announced that its members had reached a consensus on the replacement of vacant principal offices allocated to opposition parties in the House.

Abbas, while reading the letter said, “The election of the House of Representatives, Federal Republic of Nigeria, the minority members of the 10th Assembly hereby unanimously nominate the following members by consensus to fill the vacant positions of the minority in the parliament.

“Number one is the Minority Leader, Hon Frederick Agbedi.

“Number two is the position of minority whip, and the person they have endorsed is Hon Mansur Soro (APM, Bauchi).

“The last but not the least is my brother from the North-West, Hon Abdussamad Dasuki (ADC, Sokoko) for the position of Deputy Minority Leader.

“Honourable colleagues, today the body of principal officers is complete, and I want to seize this opportunity on behalf of the whole entire House to congratulate the three people and to wish them all the best in their new positions.”

With the development, Agbedi assumes the responsibility of coordinating opposition lawmakers in the House and articulating the position of minority parties on legislative matters before the chamber.

A ranking lawmaker and one of the longest-serving members of the House, Agbedi has represented Sagbama/Ekeremor Federal Constituency since 2011.

His appointment is expected to strengthen the voice of the opposition caucus at a time when defections and realignments continue to reshape the political landscape ahead of the 2027 general elections.

Also announced was the emergence of Hon Mansur Soro of the Allied Peoples Movement as Minority Whip and Hon Abdussamad Dasuki of the African Democratic Congress as Deputy Minority Leader, completing the minority leadership structure in the 10th House.

Speaking after the announcement, Abbas congratulated the newly appointed principal officers and pledged the cooperation of the House leadership.

“The leadership of the House will work with them assiduously in ensuring that we achieve our legislative agenda objectives of this very important 10th Assembly,” he added.

The emergence of the new minority leadership comes amid recent changes to the House Rules governing the selection of principal officers. The amendments, which introduced fresh eligibility requirements, have generated debate within opposition ranks and influenced the contest for key leadership positions.

Shortly after the announcement, a lawmaker from Imo State who had been nominated for the position of Minority Leader last week, Ikenga Ugochinyere, formally withdrew from the race.

He cited the amended House Rules and the new eligibility criteria for principal officers as the basis for his decision.

The latest appointments are expected to restore stability within the opposition bloc following weeks of uncertainty triggered by Chinda’s defection and the subsequent scramble for leadership positions.

Political observers believe the new leadership team will face the immediate challenge of forging unity among lawmakers drawn from different opposition parties while providing effective legislative scrutiny of the executive and the ruling APC-dominated parliament.

For the PDP, which remains the largest opposition party in the House despite recent defections, Agbedi’s emergence is seen as a strategic move aimed at maintaining cohesion within the minority caucus and strengthening its influence in parliamentary proceedings.

 

 

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Don’t Risk Your Legacy, Citizen Begs Jonathan Against 2027 Presidential Race

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A  social commentator in Bauchi State, David Adenuga has urged former President, Dr Goodluck Jonathan, to ignore the growing calls for his return to the presidential race, warning that some political actors pushing the idea could tarnish his legacy.

In a letter titled, “An Open Letter to Former President Goodluck Jonathan,” the observer said Dr Jonathan should be careful not to allow himself to be drawn into partisan calculations driven by ambition rather than national interest.

“I write this letter as a concerned Nigerian who respects the role you played in Nigeria’s democracy and the peaceful example you set for the country,” he stated.

He cautioned the former president against allowing himself to be used by what he described as desperate political interests.

“I believe this is the time to protect the good name and legacy you have built over the years. You should not allow yourself to be used by desperate political elements who may be more interested in their own ambitions than in the future of Nigeria,” the letter read.

The Social Commentator further warned Dr Jonathan to be wary of those advocating for his comeback, claiming many of them were previously opposed to his administration.

“Many of those calling for your return today were your antagonists, those who frustrated your government back then. You should be careful not to become a pawn in a game designed by others or else they will stain your white with their ‘roforofo’,” he said.

He maintained that Dr Jonathan’s legacy remains defined by his decision to concede defeat in 2015, which he described as a landmark moment in Nigeria’s democratic history.

“Your legacy was built through years of public service and your decision to put the country’s peace above personal ambition at a critical moment in Nigeria’s history. That legacy should not be put at risk because of the desperation of a few politicians,” he added.

Mr Adenuga also alleged that some of the promoters of Dr Jonathan’s return have lost credibility in the public space.

“The truth is that some of the people pushing you to contest have already damaged their own reputations. They should not be allowed to stain your legacy with their soiled hands. What they could not achieve on their own should not be pursued through your name and goodwill,” he stressed.

He concluded by urging the former president to remain above political manoeuvring and protect his place in history.

“History has been kind to you. Preserve that honour and remain above the political games of those who want to use your name for their own purposes,” he wrote.

Recall that former President Goodluck Jonathan recently emerged as the presidential candidate of the Kabiru Turaki-led Interim National Working Committee of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) following a special convention held in Abuja, where delegates ratified his nomination ahead of the 2027 general elections.

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