Two United States scientists who unraveled the human micro RNA have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024.
Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun won the coveted  prize for their work on microRNA as their discoveries help explain how complex life emerged on earth and how the human body is made up of a wide variety of different tissues.
MicroRNAs influence how genes – the instructions for life – are controlled inside organisms, including humans.
Every cell in the human body contains the same raw genetic information, locked in our DNA.
However, despite starting with the identical genetic information, the cells of the human body are wildly different in form and function.
The electrical impulses of nerve cells are distinct from the rhythmic beating of heart cells. The metabolic powerhouse that is a liver cell is distinct to a kidney cell, which filters urea out of the blood.
The light-sensing abilities of cells in the retina are different in skillset to white blood cells that produce antibodies to fight infection.
So much variety can arise from the same starting material because of gene expression.
The US scientists were the first to discover microRNAs and how they exerted control on how genes are expressed differently in different tissues.
The medicine and physiology prize winners are selected by the Nobel Assembly of Sweden’s Karolinska Institute.
They said: “Their groundbreaking discovery revealed a completely new principle of gene regulation that turned out to be essential for multicellular organisms, including humans.
“It is now known that the human genome codes for over 1,000 microRNAs.”

In a concerted effort to curb brain drain, the Kebbi State Government has harmonised medical doctors’ salaries to be at par with their colleagues in the federal government’s tertiary health facilities.
Kebbi State Commissioner for Health, Musa Inusa-Isma’il, disclosed this at the handing over of ambulances to the state-owned health facilities at the Ministry of Health in Birnin Kebbi yesterday.
Inusa Isma’il, according to a statement by Ahmed Idris, the Chief Press Secretary to the governor, said the essence of the harmonisation was to retain the existing medical doctors and attract more to the services of the state.
According to him, the doctors across the state had already started enjoying the new salaries from August 2024.
He said the release of the vehicles was in fulfilment of Governor Nasir Idris’ promise to uplift health care services in the state.
“His Excellency said I should inform you, the beneficiaries of this gesture, that the vehicle should be strictly used for the intended purpose. It should not be used for anything else.
“If there is no referral case, each of the vehicles must be parked at the hospital by 6 pm. The governor said you should warn your drivers against reckless driving as well as violating the instructions.
“We should also do everything possible to reciprocate the gesture by working according to the terms and conditions attached,” he advised.
The benefiting health facilities included Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital, Birnin Kebbi; State Teaching Hospital, Kalgo; General Hospital, Argungu; General Hospital, Yauri; General Hospital, Zuru; and General Hospital, Bunza.

In his speech, the permanent secretary of the ministry, Dr Shehu Koko, recalled that the ambulances were handed over to the ministry last Friday by the governor for the onward handover to the benefiting hospitals.
He observed that the ambulances would go a long way in improving the referral system in the state, adding that delays in reaching the secondary and tertiary facilities would be eliminated.
The permanent secretary attributed the high rate of maternal mortality in the country to delays in getting to the health facilities for proper medical care.
“We believe with the provision of these ambulances, part of the gaps we have in our referral system will be addressed, whereby patients who require secondary healthcare could be easily transported to secondary and tertiary health centres, where they can get such help,” he said.
In a goodwill message, Commissioner for Information and Culture Alhaji Yakubu Ahmed expressed gratitude to the governor for the support he has given to the ministry to excel.
While advising the beneficiaries to use the vehicles judiciously, the commissioner advised that services and maintenance of the vehicles must be prompt to derive the maximum benefits from the vehicles.
The commissioner also highlighted some achievements recorded by the government in the last year, including beautification of the state capital, completion of a multimillion-naira ultramodern state secretariat, road construction, construction and renovation of classrooms and upgrading of some health facilities, among others.

Nigeria Customs Service (NCS), Oyo/Osun Area Command says it intercepted 2,448 wraps of cannabis sativa and 2,667 used tyres in two and half months.
The Area Controller, NCS, Dr. Ben Oramalugo, disclosed this in Ibadan while briefing newsmen on the Command’s achievements between June 14 and August 29. 2024.
Oramalugo said other seized items include a used Mazda car, 2,183 bags of 50 Kilogrammes of foreign rice, 753 kegs and 94 drums of petrol, as well as 24 bales of used clothing.
The Area Commander said the total Duty Paid Value (DPV) of the seizures in the months under review stood at N713,150,400.
He expressed regret that the continuous consumption of hard drugs by some youths was not helping the fight against insecurity in the nation.
This, he said, must not be allowed to continue for the future of the country.
According to him, NCS has a responsibility to support the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) in minimising or eradicating the drug menace contributing to national insecurity.
“Drugs are very dangerous and no human being will kill or rob without being under the influence of drugs.
“The Command will, however, not allow the business of drugs to thrive in our areas of jurisdiction.
“This is why we have robust collaboration with NDLEA, and we hope there will be proper prosecution when the seized drugs are handed over to NDLEA”, he stated.
He continued that the Command intensified its efforts at combating smuggling activities and achieved successes despite operating in difficult terrains and with less-advanced technology
Oramalugo further said the Command is adopting technological innovations and strategies, collaborating with other security agencies, all in a bid to tackle the ever-evolving tactics of smugglers.
The Commander said the Command generated N48.7 billion as revenue between January and August 2024, representing a 2.74 per cent increase compared to the N47.4bn generated within the same period in 2023.
“These seizures represent a significant blow to smugglers and a win for lawful trade and economic stability.
“The milestones recorded here are as a result of strategic intelligence gathering, increased patrols and dedication of the command officers who demonstrated exceptional vigilance and commitment to duty”, Oramalugo said.
The controller said the proactive measures taken by the various anti-smuggling teams had not only prevented illegitimate trade but also prevented communities from dangers posed by illicit goods.
He said the Command remained committed to upholding the highest standards of professionalism and integrity in its operations.
He commended the NCS Comptroller General, Bashir Adeniyi, and his management team for supporting the command to achieve its core mandate.
Oramalugo commended Gov. Seyi Makinde of Oyo State, other sister security agencies and stakeholders for supporting the command.
12 officers were issued letters of commendation for their contributions to the achievements recorded within months under review.
The seized drugs were handed over to NDLEA representative,  Wokoma Terry, who appreciated the customs for the seizures.

Chinedu Wosu