Minister of Education, Tunji Alausa, Thursday  February 6, 2025, triggered curiosity among stakeholders of the Education sector in Nigeria as he announced his proposal to phase out Nigeria’s current 6-3-3-4 education system and introduce a compulsory 12-year uninterrupted basic and 4-year  Tertiary education model. Though on Friday February 7, the Federal Government said it was not true that the the 6-3-3-4 system is scrapped, some of the seven-fold “speculated” benefits of the proposed 12-4 system to Nigeria according to Alausa are: Elimination of financial and systemic barriers that often lead to school dropouts;  exposing students to vocational and entrepreneurial skills at an earlier stage, equipping them with practical knowledge and preparing them for both higher education and the workforce; implementing a uniform curriculum nationwide, ensuring consistent educational standards across States;  Enhancing Economic Development  by equipping young people with relevant skills, the reform is expected to reduce child labour and increase employability, contributing to Nigeria’s economic and social development; setting 16 years as the minimum entry age for tertiary education, ensuring students are mentally and emotionally prepared for higher learning.
Considering the benefits the system seems to offer, as outlined by  the Minister of Education, one is tempted to pat the back, of the National Council of Education, the highest policy making body on Education. While the introduction of the new system seems good, if the explanation of the Minister of Education is anything to go by, one would ask what was wrong with the 6-3-3-4 system that evident deficiencies could not be remedied? Policy instability and implementation remain the bane of Nigeria’s educational system. When the Universal Basic Education was introduced to replace the Universal Primary Education, stakeholders in the education sector thought that policy would remedy the clogs and deficiencies associated with the Universal Primary Education. But years after the introduction of the policy, there is no significant improvement in the education sector. Rather, the sector is bedevilled by a miscellany of hydra-headed problems. For instance, the Universal Basic Education midwifed the abolition of First School Leaving Certificate Examination and its certification in most states of Nigeria, even though First School Leaving Certificate is being required by some employers of labour to determine the age of applicants and not as a parameter for job placement and promotion.
The Universal Basic Education system which was a nine-year unbroken academic process lacked the manpower, equipment and facilities to drive implementation of the system. The absence of the necessary requirements for smooth take-off and consequent  holistic achievement of the policy thrust of the Universal Basic Education made the essence of the policy dead on arrival. Another loop in the system was the seeming complexities in the transition to the Senior Secondary School level. The system makes it mandatory for a student who has undergone nine years of basic education to sit for a qualifying examination to the Senior Secondary level into that same School. If the applicant passed the Junior Secondary Schools Examination, their parents were forced to pay admission fees and meet other requirements before they are enrolled. The Universal Basic Education encumbered unnecessarily on parents’ scarce finances while Principals and teachers leverage on the systemic defects to rip off parents or amass so much money for themselves with impunity.
While Nigeria’s Universal Basic Education policy was patterned after developed nations of the world, and said to be “a best practice in the world”, it never worked after all in Nigeria. If it had worked as the then Minister of Education lulled consumers of education to believe, there would not have been need for the proposed new policy christened: 12-4. What works in other nations of the world does not seem to work in Nigeria, why? The reason is not far-fetched: the will to make it work is elusive. The Federal Government does not work the policy through deliberate and intentional  gross under funding of the Education sector against the United Nations’ prescription on the percentage of annual budget nation should allocate to the Education sector. Though the current Minister of Education, Dr. Tunji Alausa has painstakingly given reasons why the National Council of Education considered the 12-4 system a comparatively preferable policy to the 6-3-3-4 system, it may still not attain its envisioned peak in operations because of the twin systemic problem of bare-faced corruption and underfunding of the Education sector.
Alausa also advanced Global competitiveness as an advantage of the 12-4 policy. According to him,  “many developed nations already operate a 12-year basic education system. Aligning Nigeria’s education system with international standards which will enhance the global competitiveness of Nigerian students and improve educational outcomes”. But without being pessimistic, that the 12-4 system is a working model in developed climes  is not a guarantee that it will work in Nigeria. Nigeria is a Third World country, struggling with development, suffocating under the unpleasant euphoria of corruption. The corruption-infested system which seems to allow public funds to be misappropriated, siphoned, outrightly embezzled, by some public servants, sorting, certificate purchase in some tertiary institutions, cannot produce and actualise the quality and best practices of the policy as envisioned by Dr. Alausa.
Nigeria is a rich nation no doubt, with more than 44 mineral resources and abundant human resources, yet her people live in abject poverty. Like the Bible’s Jericho, the “land is pleasant but the water is bitter,” is the experience of Nigeria and Nigeria’s teeming poor. Someone has said, if you bring any of the nations Nigerian politicians travel to on medical or relaxation tourism to run Nigeria, the taps that are dry will flow, the comatose economy will revive, the darkness-ridden homes will be illuminated. Are the benefits of the proposed 12-4 System as outlined mere hype or window dressing?  Would the 12-4 Policy be  better than the 6-3-3-4 System? Only time will reveal.

Igbiki Benibo

WattAgNet.com, on the future of poultry, once wrote that by 2050, we will need to consider that routine work may be replaced by robotics or automation. There will most likely be total supply chain transparency with precision farming, total traceability and on-farm informatics. In the same vein, many years ago, Philip Wilkinson expressed his optimism about the future of poultry farming. He said that poultry, undoubtedly is going to be the leading meat protein to help feed an additional three billion people by 2050.Although his projection may not have meant so much to his listeners, Wilkinson’s assumption was borne out of his understanding of the discovery of animal product as the best bet  for adequate protein intake. The place of the poultry industry in providing the consumers’ bugging demand question has become highly indispensible that it is no longer out of place to foresee a high possibility of farm employees with doctorate degrees, hydroponics and mini-power stations becoming more common on poultry operations.
Protein, the second most abundant compound found in human body, plays many critical roles in keeping the body alive and healthy. It is not unlikely that very soon, dietary health foods may be prescribed as part of a disease prevention programme. From the contraction of the muscles which allows for body movement, to the contraction of specialised muscle that controls organ functions such as the heart, digestive movements and elimination of unwanted elements in the body, the place of protein in human body is said to be highly indispensible. Luckily, the free range organic poultry, ducks, turkeys and eggs from healthy chickens are usually handy for this purpose. No doubt, plant foods such as grains, nuts, beans and vegetables can supply the body with proteins, it is but a limited array of amino acids, animal product such as chicken, fish, beef, venison, duck, turkey and pork contain virtually all the essential amino acids needed to keep the body fit and healthy. This makes the poultry business a handy bridge between the need of a people and the availability of a solution to such need.
Wilkinson thus sees the poultry farmer as one in a position to answer the consumers’ bugging question of “what should we eat?” Of course, like the words of the President of the Barbados Egg and Poultry Producers Association (BEPPA), Wendell Clarke, in 2009, “local poultry producers are actually more than ready and willing to satisfy the needs of the local market”, but the question is, how enabling and encouraging is the economic climate under which the poultry farmer operates? No doubt, knowing the gap between the protein need or demand of the society and its existing available supply will aid in assessing the role of poultry farming towards the health and the wealth of the nation. It is in the realisation of the above fact, that the repositioning of the poultry industry in Rivers State becomes imperative. No matter how the poultry farmer struggles with continued industry volatility, even in the face of generally favourable environment, the need for flexibility and market orientation can never be overemphasised. This is to ensure that tasty, safe and enticing products grown in a manner consistent with consumers expectations, are delivered.
Therefore, if the poultry business be considered a handy bridge between the need of a people and the supply of the products, then the onus lies first on the industry to acquire a new mindset that will favour improvement in productivity. For us here in Rivers State, a state peculiar for  its burgeoning population and increasing demand for poultry products, we are found  at crossroads in the realm of poultry farming. While the potential for economic growth and food security is vast, numerous challenges plague the industry, necessitating urgent attention and strategic intervention. One of the primary issues confronting poultry farmers in Rivers State is the inconsistency in the supply chain. Fluctuating prices of feed, coupled with disruptions in the distribution network, often result in financial instability for farmers. Addressing this requires a comprehensive assessment of the supply chain and collaborative efforts between farmers and stakeholders to establish stability. Poultry farming faces constant threats from disease outbreaks. Avian influenza and other contagious diseases pose significant risks, leading to the loss of poultry stocks and economic setbacks for farmers.
There is an urgent need for the government to bolster disease control measures and provide support for farmers in the event of an outbreak. The escalating costs of inputs such as feed, vaccines, and energy are major hurdles for poultry businesses in Rivers State. A strategic approach to reducing these costs through subsidies, grants, or cooperative initiatives is crucial to sustaining the industry. There is no gainsaying that outdated and inadequate infrastructure hampers the efficiency of poultry farming. The absence of modern facilities for processing and storage limits the sector’s growth potential. Thus, government’s intervention is imperative to invest in and upgrade infrastructure to meet global standards. Talking of access to finance, this remains a significant challenge for small and medium-scale poultry farmers. Establishing dedicated financial schemes, low-interest loans, or grants tailored for the poultry sector would empower farmers to expand their operations and enhance productivity.
Poultry farmers often struggle with accessing markets and efficient distribution channels. Government support in creating market linkages, improving transportation infrastructure, and streamlining distribution networks will fortify the poultry value chain. The lack of updated knowledge and skills among farmers exacerbates challenges. Comprehensive training programmes and capacity-building initiatives can empower farmers with the necessary tools to adopt modern and sustainable practices. Environmental concerns, including waste management and water pollution, require immediate attention. Implementing eco-friendly practices and enforcing regulations to ensure sustainable farming methods is paramount for the long-term viability of poultry farming. Promoting local poultry breeds resilient to the region’s conditions can contribute to sustainable farming. Government incentives and awareness campaigns can encourage farmers to invest in indigenous breeds, fostering biodiversity and adaptability.
In all of these, creating awareness among consumers about the challenges faced by poultry farmers in Rivers State is essential. Public support and conscientious consumption can drive demand for locally produced poultry products, creating a more sustainable market. The dilemma faced by poultry farmers in Rivers State requires a multi-faceted approach involving government, private sector, and community collaboration. By addressing these challenges collectively, we can pave the way for a thriving and resilient poultry industry that contributes significantly to the state’s economic development and food security.

By: Sylvia ThankGod-Amadi

In view of the perplexing skills with which many youths now engage in cybercrimes in Nigeria, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) is exploring new approaches to combating the menace. The commission hopes that information technology (IT) trainings directed towards legitimate applications, would help harness the skills of tech-savvy youths, rather than watch such skills be deployed to crimes. The EFCC also hopes that the approach, as distinct from its purely prosecutorial establishments, would yield economic benefits to Nigeria, while taming interests in cyber-related crimes. Perhaps, due to lack of insights, mis-direction, or sheer impatience to work through hard times, many youths have turned their inability to secure gainful employments after school, to excuses for turning youthful energies towards internet-based crimes.
Whereas, information technology skills are meant to uplift society, such youths choose rather to misapply it. Yet the potentials of the digital age remain vastly untapped, with capacity to generate legitimately, far more revenues than is criminally obtainable. This is why the EFFC’s launch of “Alternatives to Cybercrime: Optimising Cyber Skills for National Development,” during the unveiling of its 24-hour Cybercrime Rapid Response Desk, is quite commendable. During the launch, the Executive Chairman of the commission, Ola Olukoyede, rightly noted that, “The tendency towards quick riches no longer positions our young people for enterprise, resourceful intellectual aspirations and technological innovations.” It is worrisome that many youths, parading under the paranoia of the current unemployment and economic hardships in the country, are losing sense for patient hard work and commitments required for disciplined skills acquisitions, which would enable them achieve responsible livelihoods.
As a result, an increasing number of youths mortgage their future potentials by seeking self-help in yahoo-yahoo activities, a Nigerian byword for cybercrimes and related offences. Worrisome likewise, is the condoning of the now rampart menace by some adults who downplay cybercrimes as some ‘white-colar’ misdemeanors, applauding it rather incorrectly, for drawing youths away from other more physical form of crimes. Moreso, our society has descended to levels where some parents consider quick, unexplainable wealth from their wards, as welcome respites to the current economic hardships. Stemming from a culture where many Nigerians hailed as smart, Nigerian tricksters who waylaid other cultures, the internet age now enables many fraud-minded youths to operate from home soil. In a society bent on adoring materialism, many youths have become obsessed to gain social recognition by all possible means.
As yahoo-yahoo continues to draw many young people away from responsible living, fewer are eager to enroll in technical and trading skills acquisition. Those who do, lose the endurance to stay through when they watch their peers flaunt quick wealths made from the crime. But as yahoo-yahoo metamorphoses into its more diabolical version – the yahoo-plus, it is becoming obvious that untamed crimes reinforce and manifest greater crimes in society. The rumoured footprints of yahoo-plus now manifesting, shows there is more to it than cyber-trickery. The unfolding footprints show that cybercrimes in Nigeria has expanded its sphere to include syndicated networks, crypto manipulation frauds, money rituals involving murders, cultism and weird forms of other spiritual practices. Consequently, most neighbourhoods, highways, hotels and bushes have degenerated into dens of kidnappers and killers who would treacherously butcher fellow humans for body parts meant for money rituals.
Suspicion is now strong that money-making ritualism may have been operating under the cover cyber scams. These actions are abominable beyond any rationale, and the Nigerian society stands with no chance of a sustainable future if it does not halt the atmosphere of widespread kidnappings, abductions for murder, ritualism and cannibalisation. Already, the overwhelming number of criminal actors of Nigerian origin acting from home or abroad, has continued to embarrass and tarnish Nigeria’s image, a situation that draws special scrutiny to every Nigerian at international airports. Just recently, in an incident that highlighted the depths of our institutional infirmities, and further questioned the quality of scrutiny with which Nigeria recruits its public leaders, the nation came under fresh slurs with the arrest in the United States of America, of a Nigerian newly sworn-in local government chairman, for cybercrimes.
While the EFCC’s new approach remains very promising as a means of steering youths away from deviant social orders, the commission should ensure it picks training programmes that lead to lucrative employments, and deploy them effectively. It should therefore engage renowned international booth camps to train youths on IT skills vis-a-vis the application prospects, in a manner that ensures that genuine applications of IT skills generate much economic benefits to discourage deviant practitioners. Also, as moral encouragement for sustaining good behaviours in the face of hard times, the EFFC should offer greater preferences to law-abiding youths in its sponsorships, while truly repentant cybercriminals may be considered for reformative purposes. The EFCC should be wary not to re-arm unrepentant criminals who would use any additional IT knowledge acquired through public funds, to re-launch themselves.
However, the EFCC should redouble its efforts in the fight against cybercrimes by tapping into the wider global movements and networks, against the menace. Considering the diabolical and murderous dimensions unfolding across Nigeria with respect to Yahoo-plus, the EFFC should consider the wider perspectives of the accompanying crimes to synergise with other law enforcement agencies in rejiggering its strategies.

By: Joseph Nwankwor